伊朗室内氡及其健康风险评估:全面回顾研究

IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Indoor air Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1155/2024/2300116
Fatemeh Yousefian, Zahra Nasiri, Maedeh Kordi, Yeganeh Gholami Marzi, Rouhullah Dehghani, Nezam Mirzaei, Hosna Janjani, Mina Aghaei, Zahra Aboosaedi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

了解氡易发地区对于预防与氡相关的健康问题、提高公众安全以及确保遵守旨在最大限度减少氡暴露的法规至关重要。我们对报告伊朗居民氡暴露情况的横断面研究进行了全面回顾。我们的综述涵盖了截至 2022 年 2 月 13 日发表的研究。在初步确定的 966 篇文章中,有 37 项研究纳入了我们的分析,这些研究共测量了伊朗 3480 栋住宅楼的室内氡水平。值得注意的是,马赞达兰省的住宅氡含量(Bq.m-3)最高,其中塔雷什马哈勒(3235)的氡含量最高,其次是拉姆萨尔(1299)。相反,伊朗首都德黑兰的住宅氡含量最低,仅为 11.0 Bq.m-3。值得注意的是,室内氡浓度超过了世界卫生组织(WHO)建议的参考水平和美国环境保护局(US.EPA)设定的标准水平,分别约为 51% 和 26%。伊朗居民接受的平均有效剂量为 5.0 mSv.y-1 (0.3-81.7)。此外,与室内氡暴露相关的平均终生超额癌症风险(ELCR)被确定为千分之二。伊朗住宅建筑中每百万人中因室内氡暴露而导致的肺癌病例(LCCs)年发病率从 5.00E - 06 到 1.47E - 03 不等。所纳入的研究涉及影响氡水平的各种变量,但并未全面涵盖所有因素。这些因素包括气象参数、地质特征、建筑材料、建筑类型、窗户类型、居住信息以及封闭空间的通风率。室内氡暴露对健康的潜在风险要求采取有效的控制措施。这些措施应包括提高公众意识、修订建筑法规、加强通风系统、确定高风险区域,以及开展更全面的研究以更好地了解影响氡浓度的因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Indoor Radon and Its Health Risk Assessment in Iran: A Comprehensive Review Study

Understanding radon-prone areas is vital to prevent radon-related health problems, enhance public safety, and ensure adherence to regulations aimed at minimizing radon exposure. We conducted a comprehensive review of cross-sectional studies reporting on residential radon exposure in Iran. Our review encompassed studies published until February 13, 2022. Out of the 966 articles initially identified, 37 studies were included in our analysis, which measured indoor radon levels in a total of 3480 residential buildings in Iran. Notably, the highest residential radon levels (Bq.m−3) were found in Mazandaran province, with the most hazardous recorded levels in Talesh Mahalleh (3235), followed by Ramsar (1299). Conversely, Tehran, the capital city of Iran, had the lowest recorded levels of residential radon, at 11.0 Bq.m−3. Remarkably, indoor radon concentration exceeded both the reference levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the standard levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US.EPA), with approximately 51% and 26%, respectively. The mean effective doses received by Iranian residents were 5.0 mSv.y−1 (0.3–81.7). Moreover, the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) associated with indoor radon exposure was determined to be two per 1000 people. The annual incidence of lung cancer cases (LCCs) per million people attributed to indoor radon exposure in Iranian residential buildings ranged from 5.00E − 06 to 1.47E − 03. The included studies addressed a wide range of variables affecting radon levels, but they did not cover all factors comprehensively. These factors encompass the meteorological parameters, geological characteristics, building construction materials, building type, window type, occupancy information, and ventilation rates in enclosed spaces. The potential health risks associated with indoor radon exposure necessitate the implementation of effective control measures. These should include raising public awareness, revising construction regulations, enhancing ventilation systems, identifying high-risk areas, and conducting more comprehensive studies to better understand the factors that influence radon concentration.

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来源期刊
Indoor air
Indoor air 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
10.80
自引率
10.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health. Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques. The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.
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