Improved estimation of daily blue-sky snow shortwave albedo from MODIS data and reanalysis information

Snow albedo is a key geophysical parameter that controls the energy exchanges between the atmosphere and Earth's surfaces and has been widely utilized in climatic and environmental change studies. However, recent studies have demonstrated that current albedo satellite products still have large uncertainties in snow-covered areas. In this study, we estimated the blue-sky shortwave albedo of snow surfaces using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance values, ERA-5 land reanalysis snow parameters (e.g., snow cover, snow density and snow depth water equivalent) and in situ measurements. In the XGBoost model, the MODIS MCD43 albedo values were input as prior knowledge, and the random sample validation results showed that the R² and root mean square error (RMSE) values of this model were approximately 0.953 and 0.044, respectively. The typical sites for independent validation were subjected to in situ measurements at the UPE_L, AWS5, and CA_ARB sites. Finally, the retrieved XGBoost albedo values were compared with the official NASA MODIS (MCD43, collection 6), the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) SURFALB albedo products. The validation results indicated that the proposed approach achieved much greater accuracy (RMSE = 0.052, bias = 0.002) than did the corresponding official MODIS (RMSE = 0.087, bias = −0.033), GLASS (RMSE = 0.089, bias = −0.031) and VIIRS SURFALB albedo (RMSE = 0.100, bias = −0.032) products. The improved shortwave albedo captured the rapid temporal changes in surface snow conditions.