Zygomaticofacial foramen in dry adult human skulls: a morphological study.

Background: A wide range of medical procedures in the zygomatic region in maxillofacial surgery, implantology, and aesthetic medicine requires a detailed study of the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF) due to the high risk of damage to its contents during manipulation.This study aimed to estimate the shape, diameter, and location of ZFF and their relationships with anatomical landmarks.

Materials and methods: A studywas conductedon 53 dry adult human skulls. Standard morphometric measurementswere takenusing sliding calipers.The number, diameter, shape, and location of ZFF were notedon both sides, andthe distances between the ZFF and surrounding anatomical landmarks were measured.Conventional statistical methods were usedto evaluate the data.

Results: Out of 106 sides, no ZFFwas noticedin 2.8%, one foramen was found in 40.6%, two foramina were found in 39.6%, threein 10.4%, four in 4.7%, andfive in 1.9%. The vertical diameter was 0.98 ± 0.35 mm, while the transverse diameter was 0.87 ± 0.31 mm. The shape of the ZFF was oval in 67%, round in 26.2%, semilunar in 4.9%, and irregular in 1.9%. The distance from the ZFF to the infraorbital margin was 6.63 ± 2.09 mm, tothe frontozygomatic suture was 26.24 ± 3.49 mm, tothe zygomaticomaxillarysuture,was 19.75 ± 3.55 mm, tothe zygomaticotemporal suture was 22.31 ± 3.98 mm and, to the most prominent point of the zygomatic bone was 8.03 ± 2.64 mm.

Conclusions: The variations in the number and location of ZFF mustbe consideredwhile performing regional blockanesthesia,and surgical or aesthetic procedures in the zygomatic region.