Amanda R McFarlan, Isabella Gomez, Christina Y C Chou, Adam Alcolado, Rui Ponte Costa, P Jesper Sjöström
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To explore inhibitory to inhibitory (I → I) short-term plasticity at layer 2/3 (L2/3) VIP IN outputs onto L5 MCs and BCs, we relied on a combination of whole-cell recording, 2-photon microscopy, and optogenetics, which revealed that VIP IN→MC/BC synapses were consistently short-term depressing. To explore excitatory (E) → I short-term plasticity at inputs to VIP INs, we used extracellular stimulation. Surprisingly, unlike VIP IN outputs, E → VIP IN synapses exhibited heterogeneous short-term dynamics, which we attributed to the target VIP IN cell rather than the input. Computational modeling furthermore linked the diversity in short-term dynamics at VIP IN inputs to a wide variability in probability of release. Taken together, our findings highlight how short-term plasticity at VIP IN inputs and outputs is specific to synapse type. 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Surprisingly, unlike VIP IN outputs, E → VIP IN synapses exhibited heterogeneous short-term dynamics, which we attributed to the target VIP IN cell rather than the input. Computational modeling furthermore linked the diversity in short-term dynamics at VIP IN inputs to a wide variability in probability of release. Taken together, our findings highlight how short-term plasticity at VIP IN inputs and outputs is specific to synapse type. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
短期可塑性是大脑塑造神经动态和信息处理的一个重要特征。已知短期可塑性取决于许多因素,包括脑区、皮层和细胞类型。在这里,我们重点研究血管活性肠肽(VIP)中间神经元(INs)。VIP INs 通过抑制其他 IN 类型,包括马蒂诺蒂细胞(MCs)和篮状细胞(BCs),在大脑皮层回路中发挥着关键的去抑制作用。尽管VIP INs的作用显著,但其突触的短期可塑性却没有得到很好的描述。因此,我们在本研究中描述了小鼠运动皮层中基因靶向 VIP INs 输入和输出端的短期可塑性。为了探索第 2/3 层(L2/3)VIP IN 输出到 L5 MCs 和 BCs 的抑制性到抑制性(I → I)的短期可塑性,我们结合使用了全细胞记录、双光子显微镜和光遗传学方法。为了探索VIP IN输入端的兴奋性(E)→I短期可塑性,我们使用了细胞外刺激。令人惊讶的是,与 VIP IN 输出不同,E → VIP IN 突触表现出异质性的短期动态,我们将其归因于目标 VIP IN 细胞而非输入。计算建模还进一步将 VIP IN 输入端的短期动态多样性与释放概率的巨大变异性联系起来。综上所述,我们的研究结果突出表明,VIP IN 输入和输出的短期可塑性是如何与突触类型相匹配的。我们认为,VIP IN 输入端短期可塑性的广泛多样性为编码各种不同的信号动态奠定了基础。
The short-term plasticity of VIP interneurons in motor cortex.
Short-term plasticity is an important feature in the brain for shaping neural dynamics and for information processing. Short-term plasticity is known to depend on many factors including brain region, cortical layer, and cell type. Here we focus on vasoactive-intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons (INs). VIP INs play a key disinhibitory role in cortical circuits by inhibiting other IN types, including Martinotti cells (MCs) and basket cells (BCs). Despite this prominent role, short-term plasticity at synapses to and from VIP INs is not well described. In this study, we therefore characterized the short-term plasticity at inputs and outputs of genetically targeted VIP INs in mouse motor cortex. To explore inhibitory to inhibitory (I → I) short-term plasticity at layer 2/3 (L2/3) VIP IN outputs onto L5 MCs and BCs, we relied on a combination of whole-cell recording, 2-photon microscopy, and optogenetics, which revealed that VIP IN→MC/BC synapses were consistently short-term depressing. To explore excitatory (E) → I short-term plasticity at inputs to VIP INs, we used extracellular stimulation. Surprisingly, unlike VIP IN outputs, E → VIP IN synapses exhibited heterogeneous short-term dynamics, which we attributed to the target VIP IN cell rather than the input. Computational modeling furthermore linked the diversity in short-term dynamics at VIP IN inputs to a wide variability in probability of release. Taken together, our findings highlight how short-term plasticity at VIP IN inputs and outputs is specific to synapse type. We propose that the broad diversity in short-term plasticity of VIP IN inputs forms a basis to code for a broad range of contrasting signal dynamics.