Research advances in the function and anti-aging effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide.

Aging and age-related ailments have emerged as critical challenges and great burdens within the global contemporary society. Addressing these concerns is an imperative task, with the aims of postponing the aging process and finding effective treatments for age-related degenerative diseases. Recent investigations have highlighted the significant roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) in the realm of anti-aging. It has been empirically evidenced that supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can elevate NAD⁺ levels in the body, thereby ameliorating certain age-related degenerative diseases. The principal anti-aging mechanisms of NMN essentially lie in its impact on cellular energy metabolism, inhibition of cell apoptosis, modulation of immune function, and preservation of genomic stability, which collectively contribute to the deferral of the aging process. This paper critically reviews and evaluates existing research on the anti-aging mechanisms of NMN, elucidates the inherent limitations of current research, and proposes novel avenues for anti-aging investigations.