杏树残渣土壤改良剂和灌溉制度对土壤中有机酸发展和迁移的影响

IF 2.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACS agricultural science & technology Pub Date : 2024-08-29 eCollection Date: 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00133
Emily Shea, Jesus Fernandez-Bayo, Christopher Simmons
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引用次数: 0

摘要

播种前土壤消毒通常依赖于有害的土壤熏蒸剂;然而,使用生物质改良剂发酵的可持续替代品的功效仅限于耕作深度(0-15 厘米)。这项土壤柱研究评估了增加灌溉频率是否能通过沥滤地表施用的改良剂中的杀菌发酵产物(有机酸)来促进深层土壤中的厌氧害虫抑制条件。柱状土壤接受单次灌溉(标准)或每周灌溉。农副产品杏仁壳被掺入土壤 0-15 厘米处或作为表面覆盖物施用。在 21 天内测量了 4-50 厘米处的氧气和有机酸,实验一式三份。5 天后达到厌氧条件(3% 的氧气),这与醋酸在施肥层下的积累相对应:19-50 厘米深处的最大浓度为 42 至 93 毫摩尔。额外的灌溉进一步使最深层(50 厘米)的浓度增加了近 50%,这表明水管理可以实现依赖深度的土壤害虫控制策略。这对于在种植深根作物之前进行土壤消毒可能特别有价值。
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Effect of Almond Residue Soil Amendments and Irrigation Regiment on Organic Acid Development and Transport in Soil.

Preplant soil disinfestation often relies on harmful soil fumigants; however, the efficacy of sustainable alternatives using biomass amendment fermentation is limited to tillage depths (0-15 cm). This soil column study evaluated whether increasing the irrigation frequency could promote anaerobic pest-suppressive conditions in deeper soils by leaching biocidal fermentation products (organic acids) from surface-applied amendments. Columns received either singular (standard) or weekly irrigation. Almond hulls, an agricultural byproduct, were either incorporated 0-15 cm into soil or applied as a surface mulch. Oxygen and organic acids were measured at 4-50 cm over 21 days, and the experiment was conducted in triplicate. Anaerobic conditions (3% O2) were achieved after 5 days, corresponding to acetic acid accumulation below amended layers: maximum concentrations ranged from 42 to 93 mM at 19-50 cm depths. Additional irrigation further increased concentrations in the deepest layer (50 cm) by almost 50%, demonstrating that water management can enable strategies for depth-dependent soil pest control. This may be particularly valuable for soil disinfestation ahead of the establishment of deep-rooted crops.

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