Progesterone receptor B over progesterone receptor A prevents recurrence in bilateral endometriomas.

Objective: Endometriosis is a disease in which stromal cells and endometrial glands extend outside of the uterine cavity. Nevertheless, treatment failure and recurrence cause difficulties in management. This study aimed to evaluate the receptor-level components of bilateral endometriomas in the recurrence state.

Methods: Our retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for bilateral endometriomas between 2015 and 2021. In total, 113 patients were allocated. A total of 76 patients did not meet the eligibility criteria, and the data of 37 patients were evaluated. Medical treatments, recurrences, and postoperative follow-up data were collected. In archived tissue samples, measurements of progesterone receptor A and progesterone receptor B, histoscores and immunoreactivity scores, and their ratios were calculated in the group that received no postoperative medical treatment. Criteria for recurrence were a repeat operation and/or the detection of a new endometrioma>2 cm at the follow-up examination.

Results: No recurrence was observed in 73.0% (n=27) of the cases, whereas recurrence was observed in 27.0% (n=10) of the participants. Patients without recurrence had significantly higher progesterone receptor B histoscore/progesterone receptor A histoscore and progesterone receptor B immunoreactivity score/progesterone receptor A immunoreactivity score results (p=0.01). Nevertheless, when the histoscores and immunoreactivity scores for both receptors were contrasted separately, there was no appreciable difference between them.

Conclusion: The dominance of progesterone receptor B over progesterone receptor A was inversely proportional to the recurrence status in bilateral endometriomas. Furthermore, our study revealed that assessing receptor levels alone did not result in a significant difference in recurrence.