多功能任务和能量危机是决定大脑内皮层易受阿尔茨海默病早期损害的关键因素。

Senthilkumar Sivanesan, Matthew D Howell, Vibha Kaushik, Rajadas Jayakumar, Shree Mukilan Pari, Pankaj Goyal
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摘要

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种影响神经元之间突触传递的破坏性神经系统疾病。人们提出了多种理论和概念来解释其病因和发病机制。这种疾病无法治愈,现有的控制阿兹海默症症状的药物也只能提供些许益处。该病起源于大脑内叶皮层(EC),其tau病理变化可使明显症状持续数十年,然后扩散到其他相关区域和网络,导致严重的认知能力下降。尽管进行了数十年的研究,但在注意力缺失症的病理生理学过程中,EC 是最先受到影响的区域的原因仍然不明。EC与周围区域紧密相连,支持大脑结构和功能的完整性,参与导航、工作记忆、记忆巩固、嗅觉和嗅觉-听觉协调。这些活动都需要大量的能量消耗;因此,EC 极易受到严重代谢不足和能量危机的影响。遗憾的是,与其他脑区相比,欧共体更容易受到病理后遗症影响的关键事件/因素尚未得到深入探讨。深入分析有关脑EC在AD中作用的现有研究,可为了解该区域的易感性及其在传播AD中的作用提供有意义的见解。在这篇综述文章中,我们将重点介绍欧共体功能的复杂性如何导致其在AD中的脆弱性。
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Multifunctional Tasks and an Energy Crisis are Crucial Players in Determining the Vulnerability of the Entorhinal Cortex to Early Damage in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder that affects synaptic transmission between neurons. Several theories and concepts have been postulated to explain its etiology and pathogenesis. The disease has no cure, and the drugs available to manage AD symptoms provide only modest benefits. It originates in the brain's entorhinal cortex (EC), with tau pathology that can proceed overt symptoms by decades and then spreads to other connected areas and networks to cause severe cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, the reason why the EC is the first region to be affected during AD pathophysiology remains unknown. The EC is well connected with surrounding areas to support the brain's structural and functional integrity, participating in navigation, working memory, memory consolidation, olfaction, and olfactory-auditory coordination. These actions require massive energy expenditure; thus, the EC is extremely vulnerable to severe hypometabolism and an energy crisis. Unfortunately, the crucial events/factors that make the EC vulnerable to pathological sequelae more than other brain regions have not been thoroughly explored. An in-depth analysis of available research on the role of the EC in AD could provide meaningful insights into the susceptibility of this region and its role in propagating AD. In this review article, we highlight how the functional complexities of the EC account for its vulnerability in AD.

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