Changes in insulin utilization in China from 2020 to 2022.

Aim: To assess the variation in patterns of use of insulin and other antidiabetic medicines across China, both geographically and over time.

Materials and methods: Nationally, we calculated the relative change in antidiabetic medicine purchases between the first and last quarters of 2020 through 2022 based on the number of defined daily doses procured per quarter. We used annual data to analyse differences in antidiabetic medicine use and patterns across seven regions of China. Considering large regional variations, we used multifactor linear regression to preliminarily explore the possible factors influencing this variation.

Results: Nationally, the procurement of antidiabetic medicines and insulin increased from 2020 to 2022, while the proportion of insulin among antidiabetic medicines remained stable at approximately 22%. Among all insulins, premixed insulin (human) was ranked first. Of the three subgroups of insulin, analogues were the most preferred and had the largest procurement, but different categories showed different trends in terms of purchases and proporation. Regionally, the growth rate of antidiabetic medicines, the proportion of insulin procurement and the preferred types of insulin across the seven regions were different. Regarding preliminary influencing factors, the level of education and owning a domestically funded producer had a positive effect on insulin procurement.

Conclusions: From 2020 to 2022, the procurement of insulin increased, which may be due to the increased attention for diabetes from the country and residents.However, the proportion of insulin among all antidiabetic medicines was essentially unchanged, while the use of some non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs increased significantly, especially the SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA. Given the economic and cultural diversity, Insulin procurement and utilization patterns varied greatly across the regions. Owning domestic enterprises potentially influences the procurement of insulin. Enhancing education to further improve the self-management of patients with diabetes is essential.