COVID-19 感染后嗅觉和味觉丧失与恢复的相关因素。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI:10.1002/lio2.70014

Diego E. Razura BS, Ido Badash MD, Bozena Wrobel MD, Kevin Hur MD

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：确定与感染 COVID-19 后嗅觉和味觉丧失及恢复相关的预测因素：确定与感染 COVID-19 后嗅觉和味觉丧失及恢复相关的预测因素：方法：利用综合公共使用微数据系列（IPUMS）2021年国民健康访谈系列（NHIS）数据库分析曾感染COVID-19的受访者嗅觉和味觉丧失与恢复的相关因素。单变量分析中的重要变量被纳入逐步回归模型，以确定独立的预测因素：结果：在回答 "是 "的 3844 名 COVID-19 感染者中，分别有 51.1% 和 48.9% 的人表示失去了嗅觉和味觉。95.7%的人恢复了嗅觉，97%的人恢复了味觉。与报告嗅觉丧失几率较高相关的预测因素包括年龄较小（几率比 [OR] 0.98；95% 置信区间 [CI]0.98-0.99）、女性（OR 1.38；CI 1.17-1.63）、使用电子烟（OR 1.59；CI 1.25-2.02）和墨西哥裔（OR 1.61；CI 1.22-2.11）。预测味觉丧失的因素包括年龄较小（OR 0.98；CI 0.98-0.99）、女性（OR 1.31；CI 1.08-1.58）和较高的体重指数（OR 1.02；CI 1.00-1.04）。女性与报告嗅觉（OR 0.74；CI 0.59-0.92）和味觉（OR 0.54；CI 0.42-0.69）恢复的几率降低有关。黑人/非洲裔美国人（OR 1.44；CI 1.03-2.03）和非墨西哥裔西班牙人（OR 1.55；CI 1.02-2.34）报告嗅觉恢复的可能性增加：结论：各种因素可能与 COVID-19 感染后嗅觉和味觉的丧失和恢复有关。结论：各种因素可能与 COVID-19 感染后嗅觉和味觉的丧失和恢复有关，临床医生可利用这些信息为出现这些症状的患者提供更好的咨询：4.

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Factors associated with loss and recovery of smell and taste after COVID-19 infection

Objective

To identify predictors associated with loss and recovery of smell and taste after COVID-19 infection.

Methods

The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) 2021 National Health Interview Series (NHIS) database was used to analyze factors associated with loss and recovery of smell and taste in respondents who had a previous COVID-19 infection. Significant variables from univariate analysis were included in a stepwise backward regression model to identify independent predictors.

Results

Of the 3844 individuals who answered yes to having contracted COVID-19, 51.1% and 48.9% reported losing smell and taste, respectively. 95.7% recovered smell and 97% recovered taste. Predictors associated with higher odds of reporting a loss of smell included younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–0.99), female sex (OR 1.38; CI 1.17–1.63), use of e-cigarettes (OR 1.59; CI 1.25–2.02), and Mexican ethnicity (OR 1.61; CI 1.22–2.11). Predictors of taste loss were younger age (OR 0.98; CI 0.98–0.99), female sex (OR 1.31; CI 1.08–1.58), and higher BMI (OR 1.02; CI 1.00–1.04). Female sex was associated with decreased odds of reporting a recovery of smell (OR 0.74; CI 0.59–0.92) and taste (OR 0.54; CI 0.42–0.69). Black/African American race (OR 1.44; CI 1.03–2.03) and non-Mexican Hispanic ethnicities (OR 1.55; CI 1.02–2.34) were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting the recovery of smell.

Conclusion

Various factors may be associated with the loss and recovery of smell and taste after COVID-19 infections. Clinicians may use this information to better counsel patients with these symptoms.