健康肠道微生物群的定义是什么?

IF 23 1区 医学 Q1 GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Gut Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2024-333378
Matthias Van Hul, Patrice D Cani, Camille Petifils, Willem M De Vos, Herbert Tilg, Emad M El Omar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微生物组组成的变化可影响人类慢性疾病和疗法的效率,这一认识推动了人们努力开发以微生物组为中心的疗法,如第一代和下一代益生菌、益生元和后益生元、微生物组编辑和粪便微生物组移植。微生物组研究的核心是了解疾病如何影响微生物组的组成,反之亦然。然而,"菌群失调 "一词存在一个问题,它笼统地将微生物失衡与各种慢性疾病联系在一起,既不准确,也没有定义。微生物组讨论中的另一个重要问题是定义 "健康个体",以确定健康微生物组的特征。这就涉及到质疑谁代表了我们人口中最健康的部分--无论是没有疾病的人、处于最佳状态的运动员、通过定期锻炼和良好营养而健康生活的人,甚至是经过时间考验并实现了非凡健康长寿的老年人或百岁老人。本综述主张通过考虑与人类健康和环境对微生物群的影响有关的更广泛因素,来界定 "健康微生物群的定义是什么?健康的微生物群无疑与肠道健康有关。然而,由于除微生物群组成外,测量肠道功能的复杂性,很难确定一个普遍接受的 "肠道健康 "定义。我们必须考虑到个体差异、饮食、生活方式、宿主和环境因素的影响。此外,在区分肠道微生物组与整体健康之间的因果关系和相关性方面也存在挑战。综述还强调了全面肠道健康评估的资源繁重性,这阻碍了其实用性和广泛应用。最后,我们呼吁继续开展研究,并采取细致入微的方法,以更好地理解错综复杂且不断演变的肠道健康概念,同时强调在研究微生物组时需要更精确、更具包容性的定义和方法。
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What defines a healthy gut microbiome?
The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred therapies such as first and next generation probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, microbiota editing and faecal microbiota transplantation. Central to microbiome research is understanding how disease impacts microbiome composition and vice versa, yet there is a problematic issue with the term ‘dysbiosis’, which broadly links microbial imbalances to various chronic illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant issue in microbiome discussions is defining ‘healthy individuals’ to ascertain what characterises a healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents the healthiest segment of our population—whether it is those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise and good nutrition or even elderly adults or centenarians who have been tested by time and achieved remarkable healthy longevity. This review advocates for delineating ‘what defines a healthy microbiome?’ by considering a broader range of factors related to human health and environmental influences on the microbiota. A healthy microbiome is undoubtedly linked to gut health. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to pinpoint a universally accepted definition of ‘gut health’ due to the complexities of measuring gut functionality besides the microbiota composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, the influence of diet, lifestyle, host and environmental factors. Moreover, the challenge in distinguishing causation from correlation between gut microbiome and overall health is presented. The review also highlights the resource-heavy nature of comprehensive gut health assessments, which hinders their practicality and broad application. Finally, we call for continued research and a nuanced approach to better understand the intricate and evolving concept of gut health, emphasising the need for more precise and inclusive definitions and methodologies in studying the microbiome.
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来源期刊
Gut
Gut 医学-胃肠肝病学
CiteScore
45.70
自引率
2.40%
发文量
284
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: Gut is a renowned international journal specializing in gastroenterology and hepatology, known for its high-quality clinical research covering the alimentary tract, liver, biliary tree, and pancreas. It offers authoritative and current coverage across all aspects of gastroenterology and hepatology, featuring articles on emerging disease mechanisms and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches authored by leading experts. As the flagship journal of BMJ's gastroenterology portfolio, Gut is accompanied by two companion journals: Frontline Gastroenterology, focusing on education and practice-oriented papers, and BMJ Open Gastroenterology for open access original research.
期刊最新文献
Correction: The road to a world-unified approach to the management of patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review of current guidelines CAF-macrophage crosstalk in tumour microenvironments governs the response to immune checkpoint blockade in gastric cancer peritoneal metastases Recent advances in clinical practice: mastering the challenge—managing IBS symptoms in IBD Large proximal gastric GIST tumours: downsizing by imatinib and subsequent endoresection Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomisation study.
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