Circulating microRNAs as the achilles forte of diagnostics and prognostics in acute graft versus host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), a procedure intended to treat malignant and nonmalignant hematological illnesses. At this time, there are no laboratory tests that can accurately forecast the likelihood of developing aGVHD, a patient's response to treatment, or their chance of life. Encouragingly, specific microRNAs have demonstrated consistent connections with the onset, severity, and clinical consequences of aGVHD through their dysregulated expression patterns, providing potential advantages in patient management and individualized therapy plans. Additionally, minimally invasive diagnostic methods are made easier by identification and measurement of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in bodily fluids such as blood or urine using high-throughput screening techniques like qPCR, microarray analysis, and next-generation sequencing. Regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response, this review is concentrated on the most recent research that offer proof of the possible utility of circulating microRNAs in blood and other bodily fluids as minimally invasive biomarkers of aGVHD. In addition to being useful tools for enhancing aGVHD management and patient outcomes, microRNAs distinctive expression patterns and functions in disease biology also present prospects for personalized medicine.