Keyword Index

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)  138, 420, 785, 912, 1788

Acanthocytosis  1350, 1364, 1368

Acetylcholine  63, 118, 119, 422, 1005, 1049, 1055, 1060, 1075, 1424, 1440

Adenosine antagonists  301, 609, 667, 725, 788

Aging  87, 201, 205, 209, 457, 515, 541, 568, 610, 612, 629, 894, 922, 923, 987, 1242, 1790, 1810, 1868, 1874, 1875, 1877

Alpha-synuclein  4, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 24, 60, 86, 92, 95, 98, 100, 102, 108, 112, 114, 117, 123, 131, 142, 150, 229, 274, 318, 453, 707, 762, 784, 789, 790, 798, 800, 801, 807, 837, 840, 890, 892, 894, 896, 899, 902, 903, 904, 909, 911, 913, 915, 918, 922, 926, 927, 930, 945, 948, 951, 956, 958, 990, 1213, 1500, 1559, 1626, 1665, 1741, 1783, 1784, 1786, 1789, 1793, 1802, 1805, 1907

Amantadine  427, 479, 777, 843, 858, 1695, 1741, 1924

Amygdala  1050

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  1607, 1648

Anticholinergic medications  140

Antidepressants  318, 382, 433, 440, 604

Anxiety  70, 200, 273, 274, 310, 312, 315, 358, 365, 380, 384, 391, 393, 397, 411, 414, 490, 604, 714, 1168, 1454, 1474, 1540, 1574, 1854

Apathy  262, 341, 395, 397, 563, 604, 640, 1022, 1578

Aphasia  1265

Apomorphine  334, 656, 695, 752, 756, 757, 761, 825, 826, 827, 873

Apoptosis  85, 1277, 1653

Apraxia  1339, 1849

Ataxia: Anatomy  1552

Ataxia: Clinical features  9, 25, 437, 464, 471, 488, 594, 1280, 1284, 1286, 1296, 1298, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1308, 1314, 1319, 1321, 1325, 1327, 1328, 1336, 1338, 1340, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1585, 1598, 1605, 1735, 1913

Ataxia: Etiology and Pathogenesis  23, 1278, 1291, 1294, 1304, 1312, 1327, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1338, 1340, 1341, 1357, 1493, 1585, 1712, 1729, 1889

Ataxia: Genetics  202, 213, 1277, 1281, 1283, 1284, 1287, 1292, 1293, 1295, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1309, 1312, 1315, 1317, 1318, 1321, 1323, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1329, 1333, 1334, 1337, 1339, 1351, 1357, 1589, 1594, 1596, 1598, 1706, 1713, 1719, 1720, 1726, 1730, 1732, 1733, 1735, 1736, 1738, 1916

Ataxia: Pathophysiology  1288, 1297, 1303, 1925

Ataxia: Treatment  520, 633, 638, 1102, 1290, 1310, 1313, 1322, 1324, 1330, 1736

Autism  526, 1578

Autonomic dysfunction  31, 32, 110, 165, 289, 305, 306, 308, 311, 325, 330, 332, 338, 345, 356, 367, 465, 535, 645, 849, 974, 1013, 1124, 1257, 1298, 1569, 1799, 1910

Autonomic nervous system  542, 630, 1800

Ballism  1352, 1355

Basal ganglia  275, 969, 1023, 1041, 1043, 1112, 1353, 1424, 1429, 1435, 1574, 1602, 1679, 1716, 1762, 1776, 1863

Bcl-2 family  1788

Behavioral abnormalities  420, 423, 586, 1438, 1443, 1449, 1470, 1600

Benzodiazepines  403, 1502

Bereitschaftpotential (BSP)  1739

Beta-blockers  630

Blepharospasm  1393, 1403, 1849

Blink rate  1803, 1844

Botulinum toxin: Chemical subtypes  1388

Botulinum toxin: Clinical applications: dystonia  432, 474, 578, 1109, 1388, 1390, 1392, 1403, 1404, 1506, 1887, 1915

Botulinum toxin: Clinical applications: other  635, 646, 743, 1497, 1551, 1878, 1887, 1895

Botulinum toxin: Clinical applications: spasticity  1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1524

Botulinum toxin: Mechanism of action  1873, 1878

Bradykinesia  187, 473, 528, 548, 660, 846, 961, 1011, 1212, 1241, 1261, 1273, 1276, 1637, 1696, 1750, 1782, 1822

Brain iron accumulation  999, 1332, 1369, 1430, 1710

Brainstem nuclei  1417

Brainstem reflexes  647

Caffeine  301, 902, 905

Calcium  162, 943, 949, 1279, 1602, 1716, 1741

Catatonia  1578

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)  663, 864, 1635

Cell death  1277, 1653, 1679

Cell replacement therapy  700, 848, 959, 960

Cerebellar tremors (see Tremor)  426, 1319, 1588

Cerebellum  1, 202, 203, 1108, 1282, 1286, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1308, 1309, 1319, 1326, 1331, 1417, 1431, 1437, 1570, 1788, 1916

Cerebral palsy  1608, 1737

Ceruloplasmin  1702

Chorea (also see specific diagnoses, Huntingtons disease, etc): Anatomy  1447

Chorea (also see specific diagnoses, Huntingtons disease, etc): Clinical features  170, 1353, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1369, 1372, 1446, 1450, 1452, 1458, 1460, 1461, 1463, 1467, 1470, 1472, 1473, 1475, 1479, 1480, 1484, 1859, 1865, 1901

Chorea (also see specific diagnoses, Huntingtons disease, etc): Etiology and Pathogenesis  1352, 1355, 1366, 1436, 1449, 1455, 1461, 1474, 1480, 1903

Chorea (also see specific diagnoses, Huntingtons disease, etc): Genetics  1351, 1358, 1366, 1368, 1447, 1467, 1475, 1477, 1582, 1584, 1608, 1674, 1709

Chorea (also see specific diagnoses, Huntingtons disease, etc): Pathophysiology  1447, 1449, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1457, 1482

Chorea (also see specific diagnoses, Huntingtons disease, etc): Treatment  562, 616, 625, 1231, 1361, 1445, 1446, 1456, 1457, 1465, 1466, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483

Chorea-acanthocytosis (see neuroacanthocytosis)  1350, 1358, 1363, 1364, 1368, 1590

Choreoathetosis  1354, 1370, 1717

Coenzyme Q10  1318, 1457

Cofactor disorders  1737

Cognitive dysfunction  28, 46, 87, 108, 122, 125, 143, 180, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 210, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 271, 303, 350, 383, 389, 403, 445, 469, 500, 557, 589, 590, 600, 616, 672, 744, 759, 764, 788, 816, 821, 833, 963, 975, 985, 1005, 1012, 1036, 1042, 1051, 1052, 1055, 1088, 1090, 1093, 1123, 1140, 1206, 1221, 1265, 1278, 1320, 1335, 1452, 1462, 1471, 1479, 1568, 1619, 1629, 1726, 1738, 1748, 1779, 1863, 1894

COMT inhibitors  729, 841, 854

Constipation  340, 349, 352, 353, 564, 1868

Copper  135, 212, 976, 979, 1702, 1703, 1715

Copper chelation therapy  135, 976, 1703, 1711, 1715, 1721, 1722, 1890

Cortical myoclonus (see myoclonus)  594, 988, 1485, 1487, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1555, 1604

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)  42, 53, 60, 80, 82, 584, 981, 1607, 1884

Corticosteroids  186, 416

Dardarin mutation (see LRRK2)  1669

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)  136, 149, 168, 191, 194, 220, 242, 250, 259, 278, 283, 288, 307, 348, 351, 360, 369, 425, 461, 593, 602, 673, 699, 730, 758, 766, 780, 811, 821, 822, 845, 852, 855, 856, 861, 862, 865, 869, 871, 882, 884, 936, 964, 996, 1001, 1007, 1022, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1108, 1109, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1172, 1173, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1211, 1251, 1270, 1275, 1283, 1310, 1378, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1385, 1387, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1413, 1485, 1487, 1525, 1539, 1545, 1546, 1548, 1552, 1710, 1739, 1746, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1756, 1758, 1759, 1761, 1764, 1771, 1773, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1795, 1809, 1823, 1855, 1876, 1893, 1902, 1914

Dementia  123, 130, 156, 204, 205, 208, 212, 219, 222, 223, 238, 240, 248, 253, 254, 256, 257, 261, 347, 389, 460, 606, 643, 1242, 1269, 1271, 1353, 1498, 1869

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)  88, 89, 91, 93, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 105, 111, 112, 121, 122, 124, 129, 130, 131, 133, 207, 238, 365, 607, 643, 911, 962, 985, 1013, 1019, 1047, 1088, 1661, 1676, 1891

Denervation  1754

Depression  70, 73, 273, 286, 302, 315, 358, 380, 382, 383, 386, 388, 391, 393, 395, 396, 397, 398, 401, 411, 414, 516, 578, 582, 588, 595, 596, 608, 763, 849, 1403, 1470, 1474, 1537, 1540

Development  222, 304, 744, 805, 1223, 1263, 1324, 1597, 1723

Disease-modifying strategies  20, 523, 546, 689, 702, 722, 723, 732, 762, 797, 807, 851, 899, 905, 906, 932, 958, 1611, 1653, 1704, 1707, 1807

Disinhibition  640

DJ-1 mutation  1686

Dopamine  68, 210, 373, 390, 398, 675, 790, 805, 806, 809, 817, 865, 892, 994, 1058, 1803, 1804

Dopamine agonists  99, 385, 399, 404, 808, 819, 1497, 1503

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome  385, 405, 1149

Dopamine receptor  210, 808

Dopamine receptor antagonists  132, 175, 440, 631, 632, 878, 1074, 1526

Dopaminergic neurons  701, 775, 786, 848, 895, 912, 943, 949, 957, 1006, 1618, 1785, 1793

Dopaminergics  877, 1774

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD)  982, 1601, 1723, 1731

Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP)  132, 160, 419, 422, 423, 429, 437, 477, 802, 806, 1074, 1924

Dysarthria  109, 336, 369, 374, 427, 506, 567, 731, 973, 1234, 1789, 1916

Dysautonomia (see autonomic dysfunction)  128, 182, 309

Dyskinesias  118, 134, 188, 263, 340, 433, 491, 528, 580, 620, 675, 693, 705, 711, 736, 750, 761, 793, 829, 832, 843, 858, 867, 875, 1169, 1212, 1260, 1395, 1420, 1584, 1587, 1608, 1697, 1753, 1754, 1758, 1760, 1819, 1910, 1921

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy syndrome  1108

Dysphagia  25, 297, 506, 539, 543, 1039

Dystonia musculorum deformans  1410

Dystonia: Anatomy  1390, 1423, 1898

Dystonia: Clinical features  146, 425, 474, 578, 1343, 1369, 1379, 1384, 1392, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1401, 1402, 1405, 1407, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1414, 1415, 1417, 1418, 1420, 1421, 1423, 1428, 1432, 1441, 1522, 1582, 1583, 1586, 1670, 1694, 1717, 1725, 1831, 1836, 1845, 1848, 1908, 1917

Dystonia: Etiology and Pathogenesis  170, 1395, 1416, 1422, 1423, 1428, 1431, 1438, 1442, 1581, 1704, 1886, 1889

Dystonia: Genetics  1119, 1120, 1295, 1302, 1317, 1318, 1399, 1400, 1406, 1410, 1413, 1415, 1418, 1421, 1484, 1523, 1582, 1584, 1589, 1592, 1596, 1674, 1682, 1697, 1709, 1718, 1720, 1723, 1725, 1728, 1731, 1737, 1738

Dystonia: Pathophysiology  968, 971, 1384, 1402, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1429, 1430, 1433, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1443, 1444, 1757

Dystonia: Treatment  525, 876, 1094, 1096, 1098, 1100, 1105, 1109, 1112, 1114, 1119, 1126, 1127, 1130, 1152, 1179, 1197, 1375, 1376, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1385, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1395, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1418, 1421, 1427, 1586, 1695

Dystonic tremor  476, 509, 1097, 1343, 1376, 1536, 1554, 1567, 1694, 1902

Early-onset cerebellar ataxia (EOCA)  1287, 1306, 1345, 1351, 1598, 1734

Electroencephalogram (EEG)  122, 239, 407, 658, 1090, 1258, 1275, 1439, 1750, 1757, 1770

Electromyogram (EMG)  413, 1334, 1441, 1566, 1575, 1838

Entacapone  854, 870, 875

Environmental toxins  111, 163, 448, 449, 459, 914, 1806, 1813, 1831

Episodic ataxia  1284, 1587

Essential tremor (ET)  163, 458, 472, 473, 489, 593, 618, 626, 627, 641, 972, 988, 1084, 1099, 1101, 1104, 1106, 1107, 1111, 1113, 1115, 1117, 1118, 1122, 1123, 1140, 1167, 1216, 1359, 1532, 1533, 1535, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1555, 1556, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1563, 1564, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1572, 1576, 1648, 1869, 1893, 1902, 1913

Estrogen  1816, 1820, 1821

Evoked potentials  1143

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)  64, 121, 144, 277, 285, 300, 320, 354, 366, 379, 592, 1019, 1499

Executive functions  157, 164, 245, 258, 267, 616, 1076, 1894

Experimental therapeutics  639, 672, 737, 774, 791, 795, 796, 806, 1246, 1707, 1791

Eye movement  83, 203, 230, 268, 296, 1206, 1215, 1290, 1308, 1314, 1583, 1636, 1730, 1769, 1844

Familial neurodegenerative diseases  145, 524, 625, 1309, 1337, 1451, 1591, 1593, 1603, 1620, 1634, 1647, 1658, 1666, 1701, 1783, 1867

Fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome  488, 492, 1599

Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)  61

Frontotemporal dementias: Genetics  1693

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)  224, 270, 365, 996, 997, 1008, 1011, 1017, 1018, 1023, 1035, 1054, 1059, 1080, 1082, 1084, 1085, 1171, 1173, 1426, 1427, 1433, 1435, 1443, 1444, 1543

Gait disorders: Clinical features  12, 75, 79, 141, 187, 235, 339, 417, 509, 534, 541, 551, 553, 664, 674, 698, 741, 831, 964, 1027, 1220, 1226, 1240, 1244, 1249, 1250, 1252, 1254, 1256, 1258, 1263, 1264, 1269, 1296, 1316, 1345, 1468, 1606, 1717, 1763, 1775, 1834, 1838, 1839, 1841, 1842, 1851, 1919, 1923

Gait disorders: Etiology and Pathogenesis  22, 75, 376, 919, 1508, 1509, 1907

Gait disorders: Genetics  145, 161, 194, 891, 1315, 1591, 1603, 1606, 1713, 1732, 1734

Gait disorders: Pathophysiology  79, 218, 235, 558, 741, 1068, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1163, 1267, 1272, 1748, 1797, 1907, 1925

Gait disorders: Treatment  136, 500, 505, 514, 530, 532, 546, 565, 566, 647, 672, 709, 814, 831, 891, 1031, 1171, 1223, 1254, 1335, 1695, 1759, 1843, 1882, 1919

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)  626, 1132, 1376, 1429, 1430, 1740

Gastrointestinal problemsm (also see autonomic dysfunction)  282, 293, 316, 349, 353, 355, 481, 501, 654, 714, 753, 941, 1791

Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)  682, 735

Globus pallidus  730, 1121, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1387, 1525

Glutamate  774, 776, 942, 1679

Glutamic acid decarboxylase  1900

Hallucinations  97, 112, 269, 372, 402, 581, 623, 1047, 1082, 1918

Heavy metals  980, 1702, 1924

Hemiballism  1367

Hemichorea  1360, 1365, 1367, 1371, 1901

Hemifacial spasm (HFS)  591, 646, 1367, 1846, 1848, 1895

Hippocampus  415, 423, 991

Holmes tremor  983, 1128, 1536, 1548

Hypocalcemia  176, 1092

Hypokinesia  548, 1804, 1909

Immunoglobulins  1365, 1755, 1765, 1766, 1910

Immunosuppression  1900, 1921

Implanted pulse generators (IPG)  1809

Inferior olive  1344

Inflammation  7, 56, 61, 62, 71, 85, 138, 154, 171, 177, 178, 313, 357, 654, 738, 794, 795, 804, 897, 904, 906, 914, 915, 929, 933, 939, 950, 952, 1009, 1060, 1354, 1442, 1611, 1612, 1800, 1817

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IODM)  357, 1371, 1799

Intention tremors (also see tremors)  1575

Interventions  139, 184, 286, 402, 519, 550, 590, 612, 687, 715, 727, 740, 824, 866, 870, 916, 959, 960, 1192, 1222, 1379, 1456, 1527, 1864, 1867, 1904, 1920

Iron  1, 803, 1500, 1718, 1728

Ischemia  143, 1122

Kinase  689, 798, 941, 1093

Kinetic tremors (see tremors)  411, 487, 1561

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)  252, 346, 740, 742, 893, 914, 921, 925, 928, 930, 949, 1020, 1610, 1618, 1623, 1624, 1631, 1636, 1644, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1669, 1688, 1699

Levodopa (L-dopa)  99, 174, 181, 366, 405, 451, 479, 601, 650, 667, 687, 688, 691, 693, 696, 705, 708, 710, 726, 727, 731, 736, 812, 813, 818, 820, 823, 828, 829, 835, 853, 857, 859, 868, 870, 874, 1007, 1073, 1172, 1255, 1259, 1732, 1760, 1819, 1844, 1904

Lewy bodies  89, 103, 104, 105, 117, 123, 166, 1213, 1662, 1673

Lipid metabolism  111, 501, 661, 838, 860, 913, 943, 1473, 1620, 1727, 1805, 1815

Locomotion  376, 504, 629, 715, 1131, 1218, 1252, 1276, 1324, 1476, 1606, 1772

Lysosomal disorders  913, 1592, 1617, 1625, 1786

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)  4, 12, 17, 26, 39, 51, 78, 80, 97, 183, 266, 338, 384, 717, 855, 962, 963, 967, 969, 971, 972, 976, 977, 979, 981, 982, 986, 990, 991, 998, 999, 1003, 1004, 1009, 1014, 1015, 1019, 1021, 1032, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1048, 1052, 1054, 1055, 1061, 1064, 1069, 1071, 1073, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1088, 1089, 1113, 1116, 1147, 1282, 1288, 1297, 1311, 1323, 1332, 1378, 1425, 1431, 1455, 1471, 1572, 1715, 1847, 1892

Magnetoencephalogram (MEG)  1275, 1549, 1756

Manganese  137, 1726

MAO-B inhibitors  696

Medium spiny striatal neurons  790, 898, 1787, 1793

Memory disorders  221, 270

Microelectrode recording  1795, 1823

Microglia  925, 1787, 1790

Microglial activation  1785

Mitochondria  328, 784, 804, 910, 921, 923, 926, 1594

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)  193, 1705

Mitochondrial dysfunction  293, 328, 421, 779, 795, 888, 907, 908, 910, 923, 924, 926, 992, 1081, 1594, 1626, 1705, 1733, 1734

Motor control  173, 179, 201, 299, 375, 428, 505, 528, 531, 550, 562, 620, 629, 697, 723, 734, 759, 788, 824, 837, 1026, 1059, 1068, 1071, 1137, 1233, 1237, 1238, 1241, 1255, 1476, 1595, 1749, 1767, 1772, 1774, 1782, 1804

Motor cortex  1027, 1068, 1743, 1756

Motor-evoked potential (MEP)  1767

Multidisciplinary Approach  54, 106, 155, 270, 396, 472, 505, 508, 518, 549, 564, 597, 610, 1148, 1674, 1840, 1853, 1855, 1864, 1866, 1880

Multiple sclerosis (MS)  471, 1313, 1547

Multiple system atrophy (MSA): Anatomy  13, 18, 29

Multiple system atrophy (MSA): Clinical features  5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 39, 52, 165, 189, 584, 1017, 1252, 1280

Multiple system atrophy (MSA): Etiology and Pathogenesis  2, 3, 18, 23, 24, 37, 38, 455

Multiple system atrophy (MSA): Pathophysiology  6, 12, 29, 37, 38, 48, 62, 989

Multiple system atrophy (MSA): Treatment  1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 16, 20, 29, 637, 639, 644, 645, 800

Myasthenia gravis  602, 1334, 1807, 1881

Myoclonic epilepsy  594, 1491, 1494

Myoclonus: Anatomy  1898

Myoclonus: Clinical features  151, 1374, 1488, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1845

Myoclonus: Etiology and Pathogenesis  427, 435, 628, 1291, 1492, 1495, 1712, 1729

Myoclonus: Genetics  1492, 1493, 1597, 1604

Myoclonus: Treatment  646, 1485, 1486, 1488

Myorhythmia  1850

Myotonic disorders  1522

Neurobehavioral disorders  5, 211, 422, 481, 492, 526, 625, 1078, 1484

Neurogenesis  1649, 1659, 1681

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)  184

Neuromelanin  200, 1066

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis  1719

Neurophysiology  272, 275, 434, 758, 856, 965, 987, 1083, 1156, 1188, 1196, 1441, 1490, 1543, 1550, 1557, 1564, 1580, 1743, 1745, 1747, 1753, 1761, 1773, 1811, 1825

Neuroprotective agents  701, 717, 753, 785, 789, 797, 798, 804, 900, 902, 905, 916, 1456

Neurospheres  195

Neurostimulation  284, 642, 659, 673, 883, 1099, 1139, 1153, 1160, 1183, 1227, 1486, 1560, 1563, 1746, 1771, 1863

Nicotine  1806

Nigrostriatal dopaminergic synapse deficiency  707, 1342, 1892

NMDA  7, 1482

Non-motor Scales  73, 81, 162, 280, 287, 288, 289, 297, 304, 312, 314, 315, 321, 323, 327, 329, 330, 331, 335, 337, 344, 348, 350, 351, 354, 355, 360, 364, 368, 388, 404, 467, 485, 490, 492, 563, 582, 586, 589, 608, 869, 997, 1145, 1251, 1320, 1396, 1454, 1459, 1817

Obsessive-compulsive behavior/disorder  394

Occupational Therapy  512, 522, 815, 1216, 1858

Olfactory dysfunction  287, 299, 343, 466, 668, 706, 775, 1010, 1644, 1664

Orobuccolingual dyskinesia  439, 1365

Orthostatic hypotension (OH)  241, 295, 321, 325, 367, 645, 834

Orthostatic tremor (also see Tremors)  1549, 1557, 1845

Oxidative stress  420, 1246, 1659, 1810

Pain  19, 272, 303, 304, 313, 317, 326, 362, 368, 373, 525, 623, 669, 883, 1168, 1511, 1516, 1856

Palatal tremor (see Tremors)  1344, 1850

Pallidotomy  149, 1100, 1105, 1110, 1133, 1380

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegenetration (PKAN)  1710, 1718, 1728

Paraquat  442, 818, 919

Parkinson's  2, 9, 14, 17, 28, 48, 59, 63, 71, 81, 83, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 125, 127, 128, 129, 131, 134, 135, 136, 141, 144, 149, 150, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 167, 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 181, 184, 185, 187, 188, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 266, 268, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 317, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 354, 355, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366, 368, 371, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391, 393, 394, 395, 396, 399, 400, 401, 442, 443, 444, 445, 447, 449, 450, 453, 454, 456, 457, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 472, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 485, 486, 490, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 506, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 514, 517, 518, 519, 522, 523, 527, 531, 532, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 548, 549, 550, 553, 554, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 563, 564, 565, 567, 568, 579, 580, 582, 583, 585, 586, 587, 589, 590, 592, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 603, 606, 609, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 639, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 674, 676, 678, 679, 680, 681, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 736, 737, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 751, 752, 755, 756, 757, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 775, 777, 779, 784, 785, 786, 789, 791, 792, 796, 797, 800, 801, 803, 805, 807, 808, 810, 811, 814, 815, 816, 817, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 888, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 897, 898, 900, 906, 907, 908, 911, 915, 916, 921, 922, 924, 925, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 936, 937, 939, 940, 941, 942, 944, 946, 947, 950, 951, 952, 957, 959, 960, 961, 963, 964, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 998, 1001, 1003, 1005, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1018, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1027, 1028, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1045, 1046, 1048, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1090, 1116, 1124, 1131, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1141, 1142, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1173, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1187, 1188, 1190, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1197, 1198, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1210, 1211, 1214, 1215, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1247, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1266, 1268, 1269, 1272, 1274, 1276, 1498, 1504, 1544, 1545, 1554, 1559, 1566, 1573, 1576, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1624, 1627, 1628, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1671, 1672, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1680, 1681, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1688, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1694, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1742, 1744, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1755, 1757, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1763, 1764, 1766, 1768, 1769, 1771, 1772, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1786, 1787, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1794, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1824, 1825, 1830, 1831, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1851, 1852, 1855, 1857, 1858, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1885, 1888, 1891, 1893, 1896, 1899, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1909, 1911, 1920, 1922

Parkinsonism  2, 8, 10, 15, 17, 22, 37, 44, 49, 51, 54, 56, 59, 67, 72, 77, 94, 103, 104, 105, 124, 132, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 154, 156, 157, 159, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 183, 186, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 204, 208, 213, 219, 248, 271, 308, 309, 316, 318, 392, 403, 450, 451, 455, 458, 460, 473, 475, 476, 477, 478, 536, 566, 579, 588, 608, 610, 611, 691, 737, 759, 776, 793, 812, 818, 835, 873, 895, 896, 912, 948, 970, 994, 1004, 1020, 1033, 1034, 1038, 1044, 1047, 1057, 1074, 1095, 1114, 1126, 1212, 1222, 1224, 1240, 1246, 1256, 1274, 1302, 1405, 1406, 1504, 1541, 1591, 1597, 1599, 1617, 1621, 1625, 1626, 1629, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1670, 1676, 1677, 1680, 1682, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1693, 1696, 1701, 1703, 1709, 1727, 1735, 1743, 1749, 1762, 1765, 1785, 1795, 1814, 1815, 1830, 1836, 1842, 1848, 1849, 1867, 1883, 1884, 1888, 1892, 1908, 1913, 1917, 1925

Parkinsonism dementia complex (PDC)  195, 246, 1689

Paroxysmal dyskinesia  1579

Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED)  1579

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD)  1400, 1579

Pathological tearing  1755

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder  1889

Pediatric neurotransmitter diseases  1583

Penicillamine  1711, 1917

Peripheral neuropathy  13, 317, 1325, 1700

Pharmacotherapy  439, 451, 627, 641, 688, 711, 738, 774, 776, 777, 779, 801, 830, 850, 851, 863, 864, 867, 874, 882, 1532, 1533, 1553

Pisa syndrome  80

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)  64, 144, 1814

Polyneuropathy  1696

Pontine nuclei  1875, 1877

Positron emission tomography (PET)  10, 24, 26, 27, 47, 55, 66, 68, 91, 93, 124, 126, 308, 431, 966, 967, 970, 974, 975, 985, 988, 992, 1001, 1010, 1024, 1025, 1033, 1034, 1038, 1057, 1062, 1067, 1070, 1075, 1081, 1274, 1331, 1440, 1462, 1570

Postinfectious disorders  178, 628, 1581, 1836

Postural tremors (see Tremors)  435, 487, 1574, 1575

Posture  147, 173, 311, 514, 515, 529, 554, 677, 1238, 1595, 1834

Pramipexole  652, 952, 1503

Prefrontal cortex (PFC)  986, 987, 1076

Premotor potentials  613

Presynaptic dopaminergic system  983, 984, 1026

Primidone  1556

Prion diseases. See Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies  211

Prion protein gene (PRNP)  1605

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)  41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 154, 182, 584, 636, 640, 897, 966, 967, 970, 981, 986, 1057, 1215, 1769, 1833, 1884

Propranolol  1556

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD): Clinical features  406, 408, 410, 414, 417, 418, 1112, 1363

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD): Etiology and Pathogenesis  452

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD): Pathophysiology  407, 418

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD): Treatment  407, 409, 412, 474

Psychogenic tremor  408, 413, 418, 1557

Psychosis  390, 402, 404, 406, 485, 760, 878

PTEN induced kinase-1 (PINK1)  910, 1675

Ramsay Hunt syndrome  1291

Rapid eye movement (REM)  32, 45, 101, 109, 128, 209, 333, 359, 630, 722, 969, 974, 1004, 1017, 1050, 1544, 1615, 1912

Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP)  525, 1415

Reaction time  600

Rehabilitation  8, 155, 326, 504, 508, 515, 519, 520, 521, 523, 524, 526, 527, 529, 530, 531, 534, 535, 536, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 549, 553, 554, 555, 557, 558, 560, 562, 565, 567, 568, 655, 704, 709, 766, 814, 1226, 1249, 1512, 1513, 1519, 1736, 1858

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)  1444

Resting brain metabolism  1058, 1064, 1462

Resting tremors  487, 885, 1032, 1566, 1573, 1857

Restless legs syndrome (RLS): Clinical features  458, 1503

Restless legs syndrome (RLS): Etiology and Pathogenesis  1501

Restless legs syndrome (RLS): Pathophysiology  438, 1499, 1500

Restless legs syndrome (RLS): Treatment  438, 1497, 1499, 1502

Rigidity  125, 961, 1637, 1770, 1794, 1857

Rotenone  137, 442, 786, 895, 900, 919, 1744

Rubral tremor  426, 1548

Scales.  39, 52, 233, 257, 332, 345, 372, 486, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 615, 767, 866, 1083, 1204, 1208, 1230, 1265, 1476, 1479, 1775, 1840, 1888

Sensorimotor cortex  1233, 1595

Sialorrhea  127, 635, 743

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)  6, 126, 148, 172, 669, 706, 975, 983, 984, 1039, 1056, 1062, 1797

Sleep disorders. See also Restless legs syndrome: Anatomy  183

Sleep disorders. See also Restless legs syndrome: Clinical features  200, 285, 300, 320, 333, 339, 346, 347, 372, 379, 592, 1026, 1293, 1498, 1504, 1912

Sleep disorders. See also Restless legs syndrome: Etiology and Pathogenesis  174, 1501

Sleep disorders. See also Restless legs syndrome: Pathophysiology  121, 1501

Sleep disorders. See also Restless legs syndrome: Treatment  716, 1502, 1660

Spasticity: Clinical features  1296, 1506, 1508, 1509, 1514, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1522, 1725, 1923

Spasticity: Etiology and Pathogenesis  1510, 1518

Spasticity: Genetics  1307, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1518, 1523, 1589, 1603, 1705, 1713, 1923

Spasticity: Treatment  1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1517, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1524

Spinocerebellar ataxia  417, 529, 539, 1286, 1287, 1300, 1321, 1333, 1339, 1343, 1739

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA)  521, 984, 1102, 1279, 1281, 1282, 1285, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1292, 1295, 1298, 1300, 1311, 1316, 1317, 1320, 1323, 1326, 1335, 1337, 1342

Startle syndromes  1731

Stem cells. See also Human embryonic stem cells  893, 1279, 1792

Stereotactic neurosurgery  675, 855, 1094, 1125, 1133, 1137, 1144, 1157, 1170, 1175, 1195, 1198

Stereotypy  1530, 1847

Stiff-person syndrome  82, 642, 1900, 1921

Striatonigral degeneration  148, 172, 803, 1030

Striatum  421, 793, 971, 1355, 1371, 1742, 1874

Subcortical motor structures  1495

Substantia nigra  117, 909, 1045, 1740

Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc)  277, 957, 993, 1311

Subthalamic nucleus (SIN)  369, 673, 811, 1138, 1139, 1143, 1153, 1155, 1176, 1180, 1181, 1184, 1385, 1487, 1752, 1809, 1823, 1876

Subthalamotomy  1158

Superior colliculus (SC)  1439

Surrogate endpoints  968, 1030, 1224, 1237

Synucleinopathies  3, 88, 89, 126, 142, 335, 449, 721, 738, 840, 909, 920, 942, 945, 958, 1008, 1070, 1661, 1839

Tardive dyskinesia (TD)  419, 421, 431, 432, 438, 440, 1420, 1466, 1894, 1897

Tardive dystonia  425, 432, 433, 435, 441, 1110

Tauopathies  41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 52, 53, 55, 71, 93, 166, 966, 1453, 1693, 1850

Thalamotomy  1105, 1106, 1107, 1111, 1113, 1359, 1542, 1572

Thalamus  384, 1536, 1581

Tics (also see Gilles de la Tourette syndrome): Clinical features  452, 617, 631, 632, 1526, 1528, 1529, 1531

Tics (also see Gilles de la Tourette syndrome): Etiology and Pathogenesis  617, 1529

Tics (also see Gilles de la Tourette syndrome): Treatment  631, 632, 1096, 1129, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529

Timed Up and Go test  469, 524, 1843

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)  217, 367, 642, 1313, 1330, 1754, 1767

Tremors: Anatomy  1898

Tremors: Clinical features  408, 434, 436, 437, 464, 471, 488, 618, 1273, 1342, 1537, 1538, 1541, 1547, 1558, 1561, 1562, 1565, 1568, 1571, 1577, 1580, 1765

Tremors: Etiology and Pathogenesis  30, 428, 1312, 1577, 1712, 1729, 1762, 1886

Tremors: Genetics  213, 1567, 1588, 1630, 1642, 1657, 1680

Tremors: Pathophysiology  428, 968, 998, 1543, 1794

Tremors: Treatment  626, 627, 641, 725, 1107, 1111, 1117, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1142, 1164, 1180, 1216, 1283, 1532, 1533, 1542, 1547, 1563

Trientine  212, 1711

Trihexyphenidyl  828

Trophic factors  682

Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)  918, 1612

Urinary dysfunction pharmacological management of  292

Urogenital dysfunction  284, 325

Ventralis intermedius nucleus (VIM)  1539, 1560

Vesicle monamine transporter (VMAT2)  1025, 1051

Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)  530, 1779

Visuospatial deficits  227, 269, 353, 361, 1471

Voice tremor  1464, 1469

Wearing-off fluctuations  134, 188, 282, 283, 334, 373, 580, 698, 708, 832, 843, 846, 853, 1146, 1211, 1260

Xeomin  1520, 1521, 1524