Peripartum seizures in women with epilepsy and multidisciplinary considerations as to how they can be prevented

Objective

Seizures during labor are reported in 3.5% of women with epilepsy (WWE) and can result in both maternal and fetal morbidity. In response to an anecdotal increase in WWE developing seizures in labor or peripartum (up to 24 h post-partum), a review of patients managed in our service was undertaken to define the incidence of peripartum seizures and determine learning points.

Methods

A retrospective review of all cases of WWE having peripartum seizures from 2017 to 2022 in our institution was undertaken. Each case was reviewed by the multidisciplinary team (MDT) and common themes identified.

Results

In total, 106 WWE received pregnancy care in the study period, of whom 8/106 (7.5%) had a seizure in the peripartum period. The MDT-agreed learning points included importance of pre-pregnancy counseling, prompt up-titration of antiepileptic drugs where indicated and recommendations for the management in the peripartum period.

Significance

We concluded that the peripartum period remains a high-risk time for seizures in WWE. There is little evidence to support guidelines for the management of WWE in the peripartum period. In the absence of this evidence, sharing experience may help those managing such women to improve care and reduce risk during this vulnerable time.