Louis Kopp, Karl-Anton Hiller, Fabian Cieplik, Arno Pfitzner, Florian Pielnhofer, Bastian Höfler, Christian Dolle, Áine M Lennon, Sophia R Bauer, Wolfgang Buchalla, Konstantin J Scholz
{"title":"铈和钐的硝酸盐沉积在人体珐琅质上，与唾液胶粒无关。","authors":"Louis Kopp, Karl-Anton Hiller, Fabian Cieplik, Arno Pfitzner, Florian Pielnhofer, Bastian Höfler, Christian Dolle, Áine M Lennon, Sophia R Bauer, Wolfgang Buchalla, Konstantin J Scholz","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1455924","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze the precipitation of Cerium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] or Samarium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] solutions on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. Investigated parameters were At%Ce and At%Sm measured using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) after test solution (two concentrations) application.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Precipitation of Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> solutions was examined on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. 6 enamel specimens each were obtained from 12 freshly extracted human third molars. These specimens were ground flat and polished. A salivary pellicle was created on 3 of the 6 specimens per tooth by storing the samples in human saliva. Subsequently, an aqueous solution of Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was applied to 2 of the 6 specimens (one with, one without salivary pellicle) for 60 s. The same was carried out with an aqueous solution of Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> on 2 further specimens. The remaining 2 specimens from each tooth were treated with demineralized water (negative control). Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> solutions were applied at 25 or 50 wt% (aqueous solutions). The test materials and concentrations were distributed using a randomization table. After 60 s exposure and rinsing with demineralized water, the elemental composition (Ce, Sm, Ca, P, O, N, Na, Mg) of the enamel surface was analyzed by EDX. Atomic percentages (At%), differences (ΔAt%) and calcium/phosphorous-ratios (Ca/P-ratios) were calculated and analyzed non-parametrically (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2.0-2.3 At%Ce (median) was detected on Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-treated enamel and 0.4-0.7 At% Sm (median) was detected on Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-treated enamel. Ce was only detected on the surfaces after application of Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, Sm only after application of Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. The Ca/P-ratio was significantly lower (1.37-1.59; <i>p</i> = 0.028) after the application of 25% and 50%Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as well as 50%Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> compared to the control treatment (demineralized water; 1.61-1.63). After treatment with Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, At%Ca and At%Na were significantly lower (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.043) compared to treatment with Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. No significant differences were found between specimens treated with 25% or 50% lanthanide nitrate solution. Presence of a salivary pellicle had no significant influence on the measured At% with the exception of specimens treated with 50% Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> with increased At%Sm (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> precipitate on human enamel independently of the presence of a salivary pellicle.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425791/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nitrates of cerium and samarium deposit on human enamel independently of a salivary pellicle.\",\"authors\":\"Louis Kopp, Karl-Anton Hiller, Fabian Cieplik, Arno Pfitzner, Florian Pielnhofer, Bastian Höfler, Christian Dolle, Áine M Lennon, Sophia R Bauer, Wolfgang Buchalla, Konstantin J Scholz\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/froh.2024.1455924\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze the precipitation of Cerium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] or Samarium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] solutions on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. Investigated parameters were At%Ce and At%Sm measured using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) after test solution (two concentrations) application.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Precipitation of Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> solutions was examined on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. 6 enamel specimens each were obtained from 12 freshly extracted human third molars. These specimens were ground flat and polished. A salivary pellicle was created on 3 of the 6 specimens per tooth by storing the samples in human saliva. Subsequently, an aqueous solution of Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was applied to 2 of the 6 specimens (one with, one without salivary pellicle) for 60 s. The same was carried out with an aqueous solution of Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> on 2 further specimens. The remaining 2 specimens from each tooth were treated with demineralized water (negative control). Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> solutions were applied at 25 or 50 wt% (aqueous solutions). The test materials and concentrations were distributed using a randomization table. After 60 s exposure and rinsing with demineralized water, the elemental composition (Ce, Sm, Ca, P, O, N, Na, Mg) of the enamel surface was analyzed by EDX. Atomic percentages (At%), differences (ΔAt%) and calcium/phosphorous-ratios (Ca/P-ratios) were calculated and analyzed non-parametrically (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2.0-2.3 At%Ce (median) was detected on Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-treated enamel and 0.4-0.7 At% Sm (median) was detected on Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-treated enamel. Ce was only detected on the surfaces after application of Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, Sm only after application of Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. The Ca/P-ratio was significantly lower (1.37-1.59; <i>p</i> = 0.028) after the application of 25% and 50%Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as well as 50%Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> compared to the control treatment (demineralized water; 1.61-1.63). After treatment with Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, At%Ca and At%Na were significantly lower (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.043) compared to treatment with Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. No significant differences were found between specimens treated with 25% or 50% lanthanide nitrate solution. Presence of a salivary pellicle had no significant influence on the measured At% with the exception of specimens treated with 50% Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> with increased At%Sm (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> precipitate on human enamel independently of the presence of a salivary pellicle.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":94016,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in oral health\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425791/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in oral health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1455924\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in oral health","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1455924","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrates of cerium and samarium deposit on human enamel independently of a salivary pellicle.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the precipitation of Cerium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Ce(NO3)3] or Samarium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Sm(NO3)3] solutions on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. Investigated parameters were At%Ce and At%Sm measured using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) after test solution (two concentrations) application.
Materials and methods: Precipitation of Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 solutions was examined on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. 6 enamel specimens each were obtained from 12 freshly extracted human third molars. These specimens were ground flat and polished. A salivary pellicle was created on 3 of the 6 specimens per tooth by storing the samples in human saliva. Subsequently, an aqueous solution of Ce(NO3)3 was applied to 2 of the 6 specimens (one with, one without salivary pellicle) for 60 s. The same was carried out with an aqueous solution of Sm(NO3)3 on 2 further specimens. The remaining 2 specimens from each tooth were treated with demineralized water (negative control). Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 solutions were applied at 25 or 50 wt% (aqueous solutions). The test materials and concentrations were distributed using a randomization table. After 60 s exposure and rinsing with demineralized water, the elemental composition (Ce, Sm, Ca, P, O, N, Na, Mg) of the enamel surface was analyzed by EDX. Atomic percentages (At%), differences (ΔAt%) and calcium/phosphorous-ratios (Ca/P-ratios) were calculated and analyzed non-parametrically (α = 0.05).
Results: 2.0-2.3 At%Ce (median) was detected on Ce(NO3)3-treated enamel and 0.4-0.7 At% Sm (median) was detected on Sm(NO3)3-treated enamel. Ce was only detected on the surfaces after application of Ce(NO3)3, Sm only after application of Sm(NO3)3. The Ca/P-ratio was significantly lower (1.37-1.59; p = 0.028) after the application of 25% and 50%Ce(NO3)3 as well as 50%Sm(NO3)3 compared to the control treatment (demineralized water; 1.61-1.63). After treatment with Ce(NO3)3, At%Ca and At%Na were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.043) compared to treatment with Sm(NO3)3. No significant differences were found between specimens treated with 25% or 50% lanthanide nitrate solution. Presence of a salivary pellicle had no significant influence on the measured At% with the exception of specimens treated with 50% Sm(NO3)3 with increased At%Sm (p ≤ 0.046).
Conclusions: Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 precipitate on human enamel independently of the presence of a salivary pellicle.
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