{"title":"艾滋病病毒感染者在认知灵活性方面表现出不同的大脑皮层节律活动模式。","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106680","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, cognitive impairment remains prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and decrements in executive function are particularly prominent. One component of executive function is cognitive flexibility, which integrates a variety of executive functions to dynamically adapt one's behavior in response to changing contextual demands. Though substantial work has illuminated HIV-related aberrations in brain function, it remains unclear how the neural oscillatory dynamics serving cognitive flexibility are affected by HIV-related alterations in neural functioning. Herein, 149 participants (PWH: 74; seronegative controls: 75) between the ages of 29–76 years completed a perceptual feature matching task that probes cognitive flexibility during high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG). Neural responses were decomposed into the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (10–16 Hz), and gamma (74–98 Hz) spectral windows were imaged using a beamforming approach. Whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons were then conducted on these dynamic functional maps to identify HIV-related differences in the neural oscillatory dynamics supporting cognitive flexibility. Our findings indicated group differences in alpha oscillatory activity in the cingulo-opercular cortices, and differences in gamma activity were found in the cerebellum. Across all participants, alpha and gamma activity in these regions were associated with performance on the cognitive flexibility task. Further, PWH who had been treated with antiretroviral therapy for a longer duration and those with higher current CD4 counts had alpha responses that more closely resembled those of seronegative controls, suggesting that optimal clinical management of HIV infection is associated with preserved neural dynamics supporting cognitive flexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19097,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"People with HIV exhibit spectrally distinct patterns of rhythmic cortical activity serving cognitive flexibility\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106680\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, cognitive impairment remains prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and decrements in executive function are particularly prominent. One component of executive function is cognitive flexibility, which integrates a variety of executive functions to dynamically adapt one's behavior in response to changing contextual demands. Though substantial work has illuminated HIV-related aberrations in brain function, it remains unclear how the neural oscillatory dynamics serving cognitive flexibility are affected by HIV-related alterations in neural functioning. Herein, 149 participants (PWH: 74; seronegative controls: 75) between the ages of 29–76 years completed a perceptual feature matching task that probes cognitive flexibility during high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG). Neural responses were decomposed into the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (10–16 Hz), and gamma (74–98 Hz) spectral windows were imaged using a beamforming approach. Whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons were then conducted on these dynamic functional maps to identify HIV-related differences in the neural oscillatory dynamics supporting cognitive flexibility. Our findings indicated group differences in alpha oscillatory activity in the cingulo-opercular cortices, and differences in gamma activity were found in the cerebellum. Across all participants, alpha and gamma activity in these regions were associated with performance on the cognitive flexibility task. Further, PWH who had been treated with antiretroviral therapy for a longer duration and those with higher current CD4 counts had alpha responses that more closely resembled those of seronegative controls, suggesting that optimal clinical management of HIV infection is associated with preserved neural dynamics supporting cognitive flexibility.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19097,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Neurobiology of Disease\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Neurobiology of Disease\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996124002808\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neurobiology of Disease","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996124002808","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法很有效,但在艾滋病病毒感染者(PWH)中,认知障碍仍然很普遍,而执行功能的下降尤为突出。执行功能的一个组成部分是认知灵活性,它整合了各种执行功能,以动态调整自己的行为,应对不断变化的环境需求。尽管已有大量研究揭示了与艾滋病病毒相关的大脑功能异常,但认知灵活性的神经振荡动态如何受到与艾滋病病毒相关的神经功能改变的影响仍不清楚。在本文中,149 名年龄在 29-76 岁之间的参与者(艾滋病感染者:74 人;血清阴性对照组:75 人)完成了一项感知特征匹配任务,该任务通过高密度脑磁图(MEG)探测认知灵活性。神经反应被分解到时频域,并使用波束成形方法对θ(4-8赫兹)、α(10-16赫兹)和γ(74-98赫兹)频谱窗口中的显著振荡反应进行成像。然后对这些动态功能图进行全脑体素比较,以确定支持认知灵活性的神经振荡动态中与 HIV 相关的差异。我们的研究结果表明,杏仁核-小脑皮层的阿尔法振荡活动存在群体差异,小脑的伽马活动也存在差异。在所有参与者中,这些区域的α和γ活动与认知灵活性任务的表现有关。此外,接受抗逆转录病毒治疗时间较长的艾滋病感染者和目前 CD4 细胞数较高的艾滋病感染者的阿尔法反应与血清阴性对照组的反应更为相似,这表明艾滋病感染的最佳临床治疗与支持认知灵活性的神经动态的保留有关。
People with HIV exhibit spectrally distinct patterns of rhythmic cortical activity serving cognitive flexibility
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, cognitive impairment remains prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and decrements in executive function are particularly prominent. One component of executive function is cognitive flexibility, which integrates a variety of executive functions to dynamically adapt one's behavior in response to changing contextual demands. Though substantial work has illuminated HIV-related aberrations in brain function, it remains unclear how the neural oscillatory dynamics serving cognitive flexibility are affected by HIV-related alterations in neural functioning. Herein, 149 participants (PWH: 74; seronegative controls: 75) between the ages of 29–76 years completed a perceptual feature matching task that probes cognitive flexibility during high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG). Neural responses were decomposed into the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (10–16 Hz), and gamma (74–98 Hz) spectral windows were imaged using a beamforming approach. Whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons were then conducted on these dynamic functional maps to identify HIV-related differences in the neural oscillatory dynamics supporting cognitive flexibility. Our findings indicated group differences in alpha oscillatory activity in the cingulo-opercular cortices, and differences in gamma activity were found in the cerebellum. Across all participants, alpha and gamma activity in these regions were associated with performance on the cognitive flexibility task. Further, PWH who had been treated with antiretroviral therapy for a longer duration and those with higher current CD4 counts had alpha responses that more closely resembled those of seronegative controls, suggesting that optimal clinical management of HIV infection is associated with preserved neural dynamics supporting cognitive flexibility.
期刊介绍:
Neurobiology of Disease is a major international journal at the interface between basic and clinical neuroscience. The journal provides a forum for the publication of top quality research papers on: molecular and cellular definitions of disease mechanisms, the neural systems and underpinning behavioral disorders, the genetics of inherited neurological and psychiatric diseases, nervous system aging, and findings relevant to the development of new therapies.