Intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration and acute kidney injury in patients undergoing unilateral partial nephrectomy: a retrospective study.

Partial nephrectomies are associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), but dexmedetomidine administration may improve renal outcomes. We hypothesized that intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration would be associated with a decrease in AKI development in patients undergoing unilateral partial nephrectomy. In this retrospective study, adult patients who underwent unilateral partial nephrectomy from April 2016 to October 2023 were included. Exclusion criteria were a history of end-stage renal disease, ineligible procedures (i.e., aborted procedure, conversion to radical nephrectomy, surgery on a horseshoe kidney), and reoperation within three days of the initial nephrectomy. Patients were categorized according to whether they received intraoperative dexmedetomidine. The primary outcome was AKI incidence within three days of surgery; AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes definition. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to account for potential confounders (age, body mass index, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, final surgical approach, clamping-related ischemia for >15 min). We included 1,632 patients; 214 received dexmedetomidine and 1,418 did not. Before PSM, the AKI rate was 31.2% in patients who received dexmedetomidine and 25.7% in patients who did not (p = 0.081). After PSM, the AKI rate was 31.3% in patients who received dexmedetomidine and 27.6% in those who did not (p = 0.396). The post-PSM odds ratio for AKI following dexmedetomidine administration during unilateral partial nephrectomy was 0.910 (95% CI: 0.585-1.142; p = 0.677). Intraoperative dexmedetomidine was not associated with a reduction in postoperative AKI incidence or severity after unilateral partial nephrectomy.