Mariana Costa Cabo, Julio Cezar Albuquerque Costa, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Rafael C Freire
{"title":"儿童分离焦虑症和恐慌症：呼吸亚型与非呼吸亚型之间的差异。","authors":"Mariana Costa Cabo, Julio Cezar Albuquerque Costa, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Rafael C Freire","doi":"10.4088/PCC.24m03709","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The association between childhood separation anxiety disorder (CSAD) and panic disorder (PD) has been demonstrated, although some findings are contradictory. The separation anxiety hypothesis postulates that both CSAD and PD encompass a heightened sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Patients with the respiratory subtype (RS) of PD are known to be more sensitive to CO<sub>2 </sub>than those from the nonrespiratory subtype (NRS). Therefore, the primary objective centered on the comparative analysis of CSAD prevalence between RS and NRS groups, with secondary objectives focusing on the comparative assessment of RS and NRS groups and the control group.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> Sixty RS-PD patients, 60 NRS-PD patients, and 60 controls were assessed for retrospective diagnosis of CSAD between March 2020 and August 2023 using a diagnostic categorical instrument, <i>DSM-5</i> criteria, and a dimensional one, the Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> RS patients had a significantly greater history of CSAD (55%) compared to the NRS (23%) and control (17%) groups (<i>P</i> < .001), which shows stronger association with the RS group. As seen in logistic regression, RS patients had 3.02 more chances of having CSAD when compared the NRS group and 5.11 when compared to the control group, which shows stronger association with the RS group.</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> This study supports the hypothesis that RS-PD is associated with CSAD, while there is a weak association between NRS-PD and CSAD. It is advisable for clinicians to screen individuals with RS-PD for symptoms of separation anxiety, as these symptoms may have a negative impact on the prognosis of PD.</p><p><p><i>Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2024;26(5):24m03709</i>.</p><p><p>\n <i>Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.</i>\n </p>","PeriodicalId":22814,"journal":{"name":"The primary care companion for CNS disorders","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder: Differences Between Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Subtypes.\",\"authors\":\"Mariana Costa Cabo, Julio Cezar Albuquerque Costa, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Rafael C Freire\",\"doi\":\"10.4088/PCC.24m03709\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The association between childhood separation anxiety disorder (CSAD) and panic disorder (PD) has been demonstrated, although some findings are contradictory. The separation anxiety hypothesis postulates that both CSAD and PD encompass a heightened sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Patients with the respiratory subtype (RS) of PD are known to be more sensitive to CO<sub>2 </sub>than those from the nonrespiratory subtype (NRS). Therefore, the primary objective centered on the comparative analysis of CSAD prevalence between RS and NRS groups, with secondary objectives focusing on the comparative assessment of RS and NRS groups and the control group.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> Sixty RS-PD patients, 60 NRS-PD patients, and 60 controls were assessed for retrospective diagnosis of CSAD between March 2020 and August 2023 using a diagnostic categorical instrument, <i>DSM-5</i> criteria, and a dimensional one, the Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> RS patients had a significantly greater history of CSAD (55%) compared to the NRS (23%) and control (17%) groups (<i>P</i> < .001), which shows stronger association with the RS group. As seen in logistic regression, RS patients had 3.02 more chances of having CSAD when compared the NRS group and 5.11 when compared to the control group, which shows stronger association with the RS group.</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> This study supports the hypothesis that RS-PD is associated with CSAD, while there is a weak association between NRS-PD and CSAD. 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Childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder: Differences Between Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Subtypes.
Objective: The association between childhood separation anxiety disorder (CSAD) and panic disorder (PD) has been demonstrated, although some findings are contradictory. The separation anxiety hypothesis postulates that both CSAD and PD encompass a heightened sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2). Patients with the respiratory subtype (RS) of PD are known to be more sensitive to CO2 than those from the nonrespiratory subtype (NRS). Therefore, the primary objective centered on the comparative analysis of CSAD prevalence between RS and NRS groups, with secondary objectives focusing on the comparative assessment of RS and NRS groups and the control group.
Methods: Sixty RS-PD patients, 60 NRS-PD patients, and 60 controls were assessed for retrospective diagnosis of CSAD between March 2020 and August 2023 using a diagnostic categorical instrument, DSM-5 criteria, and a dimensional one, the Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory.
Results: RS patients had a significantly greater history of CSAD (55%) compared to the NRS (23%) and control (17%) groups (P < .001), which shows stronger association with the RS group. As seen in logistic regression, RS patients had 3.02 more chances of having CSAD when compared the NRS group and 5.11 when compared to the control group, which shows stronger association with the RS group.
Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that RS-PD is associated with CSAD, while there is a weak association between NRS-PD and CSAD. It is advisable for clinicians to screen individuals with RS-PD for symptoms of separation anxiety, as these symptoms may have a negative impact on the prognosis of PD.
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2024;26(5):24m03709.
Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.
期刊介绍：
Founded in 1998, The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders (ISSN 2155-7780), formerly The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, is an international, peer-reviewed, online-only journal, and its articles are indexed by the National Library of Medicine. PCC seeks to advance the clinical expertise of primary care physicians and other health care professionals who treat patients with mental and neurologic illnesses. PCC publishes research from disciplines such as medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and psychology, especially as it pertains to integrated delivery systems and interdisciplinary collaboration. PCC focuses on providing information of direct clinical utility and giving a voice to clinician researchers. Practice-based research from individuals and groups with clinical expertise is particularly welcome. Pertinent manuscript types include: -Original research -Systematic reviews -Meta-analyses -Case reports and series -Commenting letters to the editor Articles published in PCC typically cover attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, addiction, sleep disorders, pain, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease.
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