外泌体 miRNAs 和 isomiRs:2 型糖尿病的潜在生物标记物。

IF 5.1 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Precision Clinical Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-20 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1093/pcmedi/pbae021
Yong Ling Sou, William M Chilian, Wickneswari Ratnam, Shamsul Mohd Zain, Sharifah Zamiah Syed Abdul Kadir, Yan Pan, Yuh-Fen Pung
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2 型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。微小核糖核酸(miRNA)是单链的小型非编码核糖核酸,在转录后基因调控中发挥重要作用。它们是目标信使 RNA(mRNA)的负调控因子,与目标信使 RNA 结合可抑制 mRNA 翻译或诱导 mRNA 衰减。与蛋白质类似,miRNA 也存在不同的异构体(isomiRs)。miRNA 和 isomiRs 被选择性地装载到细胞外小泡(如外泌体)中,以防止它们被 RNase 降解。在 T2DM 中,由不同细胞类型产生的外泌体 miRNA 在胰岛素作用的主要部位之间传递。这些器官间的串联调节着各种与 T2DM 相关的通路,如脂肪细胞炎症、胰岛素信号传导、β 细胞功能障碍等。在这篇综述中,我们首先关注外泌体的生物生成机制,然后是 miRNA 的生物生成和异构体的形成。接下来,我们讨论了外泌体 miRNAs 和 isomiRs 在 T2DM 发病过程中的作用,并提供了临床研究证据来支持它们作为 T2DM 生物标志物的潜在作用。最后,我们强调了外泌体 miRNA 和异构体 Rs 在个性化医疗中的应用,并探讨了这一领域当前的挑战和未来的机遇。本综述总结了外泌体 miRNA 和异构体 Rs 的研究是如何从基础研究发展到临床应用的,其目标是迈向个性化医疗时代。
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Exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs: potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. They are negative regulators of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), in which they bind either to inhibit mRNA translation, or to induce mRNA decay. Similar to proteins, miRNAs exist in different isoforms (isomiRs). miRNAs and isomiRs are selectively loaded into small extracellular vesicles, such as the exosomes, to protect them from RNase degradation. In T2DM, exosomal miRNAs produced by different cell types are transported among the primary sites of insulin action. These interorgan crosstalk regulate various T2DM-associated pathways such as adipocyte inflammation, insulin signalling, and β cells dysfunction among many others. In this review, we first focus on the mechanism of exosome biogenesis, followed by miRNA biogenesis and isomiR formation. Next, we discuss the roles of exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs in the development of T2DM and provide evidence from clinical studies to support their potential roles as T2DM biomarkers. Lastly, we highlight the use of exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs in personalized medicine, as well as addressing the current challenges and future opportunities in this field. This review summarizes how research on exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs has developed from the very basic to clinical applications, with the goal of advancing towards the era of personalized medicine.

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来源期刊
Precision Clinical Medicine
Precision Clinical Medicine MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
10.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
5 weeks
期刊介绍: Precision Clinical Medicine (PCM) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal that provides timely publication of original research articles, case reports, reviews, editorials, and perspectives across the spectrum of precision medicine. The journal's mission is to deliver new theories, methods, and evidence that enhance disease diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis, thereby establishing a vital communication platform for clinicians and researchers that has the potential to transform medical practice. PCM encompasses all facets of precision medicine, which involves personalized approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, tailored to individual patients or patient subgroups based on their unique genetic, phenotypic, or psychosocial profiles. The clinical conditions addressed by the journal include a wide range of areas such as cancer, infectious diseases, inherited diseases, complex diseases, and rare diseases.
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