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引用次数: 0
摘要
审查目的:50 岁以后,50% 的女性和 20% 的男性会受到骨质疏松症的影响。骨折与严重的发病率、死亡率增加和生活质量改变有关。预防脆性骨折的生活方式措施包括良好的营养,包括充足的蛋白质和钙摄入量、充足的维生素 D 以及有规律的负重体育锻炼:膳食蛋白质是最重要的营养因素之一,因为它会影响骨矿物质密度、骨小梁和皮质微结构以及骨强度。在钙摄入充足的情况下,膳食蛋白质摄入量越高,骨折风险越低。乳制品是钙和优质蛋白质的重要来源。食用乳制品,尤其是发酵乳制品,与降低髋部骨折风险有关,而素食则与增加骨折风险有关。与降低骨折风险相关的其他饮食因素包括每天至少 5 份水果和蔬菜、经常喝茶、坚持地中海饮食以及其他提供纤维、多酚和发酵乳制品的饮食模式。这些饮食模式可能通过影响肠道微生物群的组成和/或功能而对健康有益。包括矿物质、蛋白质、水果和蔬菜在内的均衡饮食是预防骨质疏松症和脆性骨折的重要因素。
Purpose of review: Osteoporosis affects 50% of women and 20% of men after the age of 50. Fractures are associated with significant morbidity, increased mortality and altered quality of life. Lifestyle measures for fragility fracture prevention include good nutrition including adequate protein and calcium intakes, vitamin D sufficiency, and regular weight bearing physical exercise.
Recent findings: Dietary protein is one of the most important nutritional considerations as it affects bone mineral density, trabecular and cortical microstructure, and bone strength. When calcium intake is sufficient, higher dietary protein intake is associated with lower risk of fracture. Dairy products are a valuable source of calcium and high quality protein. Dairy product consumption, particularly fermented dairy products, are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture and vegan diets are associated with increased fracture risk. Other dietary factors associated with reduced fracture risk include at least 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables, regular tea drinking, adherence to a Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns which provide fibers, polyphenols and fermented dairy products. Such dietary patterns may confer health benefits through their effect on gut microbiota composition and/or function. A balanced diet including minerals, protein, fruits and vegetables is an important element in the prevention of osteoporosis and of fragility fracture.
期刊介绍:
This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of osteoporosis.
We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as current and future therapeutics, epidemiology and pathophysiology, and evaluation and management. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.