Biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus: A scoping review.

Background: In recent years, newly discovered potential biomarkers have great research potential in the diagnosis, disease activity prediction, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Objective: In this study, a scoping review of potential biomarkers for SLE over several years has identified the extent to which studies on biomarkers for SLE have been conducted, the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic value of potential biomarkers of SLE, the research potential of these biomarkers in disease diagnosis, and activity detection is discussed.

Methods: In PubMed and Google Scholar databases, "SLE," "biomarkers," "predictor," "autoimmune diseases," "lupus nephritis," "neuropsychiatric SLE," "diagnosis," "monitoring," and "disease activity" were used as keywords to systematically search for SLE molecular biomarkers published from 2020 to 2024. Analyze and summarize the literature that can guide the article.

Conclusions: Recent findings suggest that some potential biomarkers may have clinical application prospects. However, to date, many of these biomarkers have not been subjected to repeated clinical validation. And no single biomarker has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for SLE. It is not scientific to choose only one or several biomarkers to judge the complex disease of SLE. It may be a good direction to carry out a meta-analysis of various biomarkers to find SLE biomarkers suitable for clinical use, or to evaluate SLE by combining multiple biomarkers through mathematical models. At the same time, advanced computational methods are needed to analyze large data sets and discover new biomarkers, and strive to find biomarkers that are sensitive and specific enough to SLE and can be used in clinical practice, rather than only staying in experimental research and data analysis.