Screening of Sensorial and Inflammatory Changes in Patients Submitted to Orthognathic Surgery.

Background: Despite the high levels of success after orthognathic surgery, the immediate postoperative pain and edema, besides the neurosensorial deficits, are common complications.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of sensory and inflammatory responses in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 20 patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, who were evaluated in the preoperative period and on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 30 after surgery, using a battery of tests to assess sensorial and inflammatory changes.

Results: Subjective and objective evaluations of edema indicated a trend toward edema resolution within 30 days, with a significant decrease in mouth opening on days 1, 7, and 30 after surgery. Regarding nasal obstruction, a significant increase in Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores was demonstrated on the first, second, and third days, returning to preoperative levels after 30 days. There was a significant increase in visual analogic scale (VAS) scores from the first to the seventh day after surgery, with a reduction within 30 days. For mechanical and thermal sensitivity tests, the lower lip and chin regions had poorer results, without recovery after 30 days. Positive correlations were observed between painful and inflammatory parameters, as well as between subjective and objective evaluations. Analysis of saliva biomarkers did not show significant differences for pre- and postoperative CCL3 or CCL4 levels.

Conclusion: Data provide new evidence about the early inflammatory and sensorial complications after orthognathic surgery.