三重信任惩罚?多数人与少数人在主观幸福感上的差距。

IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Social Science & Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117371
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究从社会资本的角度探讨了多数群体与少数群体在福利方面的差距。我们探讨了社会信任的作用,并具体检验了少数种族和少数族裔是否会经历三重信任惩罚。首先是水平惩罚,即少数群体表现出较低的信任水平,这可能会对他们的福祉产生不利影响。其次,可能存在回报惩罚,即少数群体可能从信任中获得的回报减少。第三,可能存在保护惩罚,即少数群体从高信任度环境中获得的利益减少。我们的实证分析基于多次欧洲社会调查(第 4-10 轮,2008-2020 年)的数据,涉及来自 38 个欧洲国家的 30 多万人。我们的分析表明,水平惩罚得到了支持,但我们没有发现回报惩罚或保护惩罚的证据。具体而言,我们的研究表明,少数种族和少数族裔较低的信任度会对他们的幸福感和生活满意度产生有害影响。然而,信任度的提高会给少数种族和少数族裔带来更多的幸福感,与同类人相比,居住在高信任度的环境中似乎也会对少数种族和少数族裔的幸福感产生更实质性的影响。研究结果表明,促进信任可以有效缩小不同种族群体之间的幸福感差距。
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A triple trust penalty? The majority-minority gap in subjective wellbeing
This study introduces a social capital perspective to the majority-minority gap in wellbeing. We explore the role of social trust and test specifically whether racial and ethnic minorities may experience a triple trust penalty. First is a level penalty, where minorities exhibit lower levels of trust, potentially adversely affecting their wellbeing. Second, there may be a return penalty, where minorities may experience a diminished return from being trustful. Third, there may be a protection penalty, where minorities experience reduced benefits from residing in a high-trust context. Our empirical analyses are based on data from multiple waves of the European Social Survey (Round 4–10, 2008–2020) with over 300,000 individuals from 38 European countries. Our analyses indicate support for the level penalty, but we found no evidence for the return or protection penalties. Specifically, we show that racial and ethnic minorities’ lower levels of trust can have harmful impacts on their happiness and life satisfaction. However, an increase in trust yields greater wellbeing among racial and ethnic minorities, and residing in a high-trust context also appears to have a more substantial impact on the well-being of racial and ethnic minorities as compared to their counterparts. The results suggest that promoting trust can effectively narrow the wellbeing gap among various racial groups.
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来源期刊
Social Science & Medicine
Social Science & Medicine PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
762
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: Social Science & Medicine provides an international and interdisciplinary forum for the dissemination of social science research on health. We publish original research articles (both empirical and theoretical), reviews, position papers and commentaries on health issues, to inform current research, policy and practice in all areas of common interest to social scientists, health practitioners, and policy makers. The journal publishes material relevant to any aspect of health from a wide range of social science disciplines (anthropology, economics, epidemiology, geography, policy, psychology, and sociology), and material relevant to the social sciences from any of the professions concerned with physical and mental health, health care, clinical practice, and health policy and organization. We encourage material which is of general interest to an international readership.
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