The safety profile of one-anastomosis gastric bypass compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program analysis.

Background: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is an American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS)-endorsed bariatric surgery. As utilization of OAGB increases, it is important that the safety profile of OAGB be rigorously assessed.

Objectives: We studied the 30-day safety of OAGB compared to a similar gastro-jejunal anastomotic procedure, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Setting: Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) participating bariatric centers in the United States.

Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted of patients who underwent primary gastric bypass surgery 2021-2022, identified in the MBSAQIP database. Each patient who underwent OAGB was matched to 4 controls who underwent RYGB on age (±10), sex, race, body mass index (BMI) (±5 kg/m²), preoperative functional status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and 13 comorbidities. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed.

Results: A total of 1569 patients who underwent OAGB were matched to 6276 controls. Matched baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Operative time, length of stay (LOS), and overall complication rate were lower in the OAGB cohort (P < .001) with higher 30-day BMI loss percentage (P = .048). Specifically, OAGB was associated with a significantly lower bowel obstruction rate, as compared to RYGB (.1% versus 1.0%, P < .001). On logistic regression adjusting for all variables used in matching, OAGB was associated with a 27% decrease in overall complication rate (odds ratio [OR] .73, 95% confidence interval [CI] .62-.87, P < .001).

Conclusions: Although OAGB is minimally utilized, the 30-day safety profile appears favorable. As compared to RYGB, OAGB was associated with shorter operative time and LOS, and a lower complication rate, partially due to minimization of small bowel obstructions with a loop anatomy. Further evidence in the comparative long-term safety profile is still needed.