Determination of the role of miR-451a on Plasmodium falciparum red blood cell stages, oxidative stress, and proteomic profiling.

Background: This study examines the feasibility and effects of introducing microRNA mimic into red blood cells (RBCs) at the initial phases of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (Pf3D7) infection. The aim is to determine the correlation between increased expression of miR-451a and parasitaemia.

Methods: In this study miR-mimic-451a labelled with Cy3 and transfected into control and infected RBCs using lipofectamine and analysed using the fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The study demonstrated the efficacy of miR-451a by treating pre-and post-transfected control RBCs and Pf3D7-infected RBCs with miR-mimic-451a. We also examined its impact on % growth inhibition of Pf3D7, oxidative stress markers (Luminometry, LPO, SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx). Additionally, determination of pH, haemoglobin (Hb), and proteomic profile performed using SDS-PAGE.

Results: Modified expression level of mir-451a has the potential to change the progression of the infection and yielded a 50% decrease in parasitaemia within 48 h. Moreover, transfected samples were shown to be efficacious in counteracting the oxidative stress-induced alterations during Pf3D7 infection and enable to return the cells towards the normalcy. Modified proteomic profile of transfected iRBCs demonstrates the correlation between overexpression of miRNA and protein expression. where, the major changes were observed in the heavy molecular weight proteins more than 57 kDa.

Conclusion: The study reveals promising effects of miR-mimic-451a enrichment during RBC stages of Pf3D7, offering insights into potential malaria therapeutic strategies and potential biomedical research implications.