Dual characteristics of mixed convection flow of three-particle aqueous nanofluid upon a shrinking porous plate

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the thermo-hydrodynamic characteristics for the mixed convection boundary layer flow of three-particle aqueous nanofluid on a shrinking porous plate with the influences of thermal radiation and magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

The basic equations have been normalized with the help of similarity transformations. The obtained equations have been solved numerically using the shooting method in conjunction with the sixth-order Runge–Kutta technique. Numerical results for the velocity and temperature are illustrated with varying relevant parameters.

Findings

The results reveal that the local drag coefficient increases with higher values of the magnetic field parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction and suction parameter. On the other hand, boosting the radiation parameter and nanoparticle concentration notably enhances heat transfer. Furthermore, it is noted that the suction parameter and magnetic field parameter both lead to an increase in velocity and promote the occurrence of dual solutions within the problem conditions.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations are that the model is appropriate for thermal equilibrium of base fluid and nanoparticles, and constant thermo-physical properties.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has taken an attempt to predict the flow and heat transfer characteristics of unsteady mixed convection ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a shrinking sheet, particularly under the influence of magnetic field and radiation. The findings obtained here may hold particular significance for those interested in the underlying theoretical and practical implications.