{"title":"癌症中的环磷酰胺和免疫调节药联合疗法","authors":"Siti Nursyahirah Bakar, Chin Siang Kue","doi":"10.2174/0115680096314791240830111909","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclophosphamide is a precursor of alkylating nitrogen mustard and was initially claimed to have antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. However, the role of cyclo-phosphamide as an immune activator has also been reported, depending on the dosage used. The application of lower-dose cyclophosphamide has emerged as a potential approach to cancer treatment. Cyclophosphamide selectively depletes regulatory T cells (Tregs), which dampens the immunological response, thereby rebalancing the immune system to allow other immune cells to act more efficiently. Cyclophosphamide can be either a friend or a foe in cancer treatment, de-pending on the therapeutic regime. The following questions remain to be answered: Can the cy-clophosphamide be used in the presence of other agents? Is there any single immunotherapeutic agent that acts synergistically with cyclophosphamide to effectively alter the immunosuppres-sive tumor microenvironment? This review emphasizes the role of cyclophosphamide as an im-mune modulator, both alone and in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents, for effec-tive cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A Combination Therapy of Cyclophosphamide and Immunomodulating Agents in Cancer.\",\"authors\":\"Siti Nursyahirah Bakar, Chin Siang Kue\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/0115680096314791240830111909\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Cyclophosphamide is a precursor of alkylating nitrogen mustard and was initially claimed to have antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. However, the role of cyclo-phosphamide as an immune activator has also been reported, depending on the dosage used. The application of lower-dose cyclophosphamide has emerged as a potential approach to cancer treatment. Cyclophosphamide selectively depletes regulatory T cells (Tregs), which dampens the immunological response, thereby rebalancing the immune system to allow other immune cells to act more efficiently. Cyclophosphamide can be either a friend or a foe in cancer treatment, de-pending on the therapeutic regime. The following questions remain to be answered: Can the cy-clophosphamide be used in the presence of other agents? Is there any single immunotherapeutic agent that acts synergistically with cyclophosphamide to effectively alter the immunosuppres-sive tumor microenvironment? This review emphasizes the role of cyclophosphamide as an im-mune modulator, both alone and in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents, for effec-tive cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical settings.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":2,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Applied Bio Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Applied Bio Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096314791240830111909\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680096314791240830111909","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
环磷酰胺是烷化氮芥的前体,最初被认为具有抗肿瘤和免疫抑制作用。不过,也有报道称环磷酰胺可作为免疫激活剂,这取决于使用的剂量。低剂量环磷酰胺的应用已成为一种潜在的癌症治疗方法。环磷酰胺可选择性地消耗调节性 T 细胞(Tregs),从而抑制免疫反应,重新平衡免疫系统,让其他免疫细胞更有效地发挥作用。环磷酰胺在癌症治疗中可敌可友,这取决于治疗方案。以下问题仍有待回答:环磷酰胺能否与其他药物同时使用?是否有任何一种免疫治疗药物能与环磷酰胺协同作用,从而有效改变具有免疫抑制作用的肿瘤微环境?本综述强调环磷酰胺作为一种免疫调节剂,无论是单独使用还是与其他免疫治疗药物联合使用,都能在临床前和临床环境中有效治疗癌症。
A Combination Therapy of Cyclophosphamide and Immunomodulating Agents in Cancer.
Cyclophosphamide is a precursor of alkylating nitrogen mustard and was initially claimed to have antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. However, the role of cyclo-phosphamide as an immune activator has also been reported, depending on the dosage used. The application of lower-dose cyclophosphamide has emerged as a potential approach to cancer treatment. Cyclophosphamide selectively depletes regulatory T cells (Tregs), which dampens the immunological response, thereby rebalancing the immune system to allow other immune cells to act more efficiently. Cyclophosphamide can be either a friend or a foe in cancer treatment, de-pending on the therapeutic regime. The following questions remain to be answered: Can the cy-clophosphamide be used in the presence of other agents? Is there any single immunotherapeutic agent that acts synergistically with cyclophosphamide to effectively alter the immunosuppres-sive tumor microenvironment? This review emphasizes the role of cyclophosphamide as an im-mune modulator, both alone and in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents, for effec-tive cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical settings.