美国西南部甜瓜和西瓜中出现西瓜枯萎病病毒。

IF 4.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Plant disease Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI:10.1094/PDIS-05-24-1009-PDN
William M Wintermantel, Tongyan Tian, Carol Chen, Nicholas Winarto, Shelly Szumski, Laura Jenkins Hladky, Suraj Gurung, John Palumbo
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Symptomatic plants were tested using a multiplex RT-PCR for cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), and cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (Mondal et al., 2023), and separately for cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV; F: TCAAAGGTTTCCCGCTCTGC, R: TCAAAGGTTTCCCGCTCTGC). Most plants were infected with CYSDV, which has been widely prevalent during the fall production season since its emergence in 2006, but not with the other tested viruses. Although the yellowing of older leaves near the crown was typical of symptoms resulting from CYSDV infection, the unusual symptoms on newer growth suggested the possibility of infection by a begomovirus. Rolling circle amplification and DNA sequencing of nucleic acid extract from a symptomatic melon plant collected in Dome Valley, AZ, identified the presence of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV), a bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae) (Jones et al., 1988; Lecoq, 2017), but no other begomoviruses. Sequencing of the complete WmCSV genome from this melon plant determined that DNA A (GenBank accession #PQ399661) shared 99% identity with WmCSV isolates from cactus (MW588390) and melon (KY124280) in Sonora, Mexico, and DNA B (PQ399662) shared 96% and 94% identity with WmCSV isolates from watermelon in Palestine (KC462553) and Sonora (KY124281), respectively. PCR with primers targeting WmCSV DNA A (F: CATGGAGATGAGGTTCCCCATTCT and R: GCTCGTAGGTCGATTCAACGGCCT) and DNA B (F: AGATACAACGTATGGGCAGCATT and R: TACAGATCCCARTCGATGAGACT) was used for secondary confirmation. Sequencing of amplified products confirmed both WmCSV DNA A and B in 12/15 initial melon samples. PCR using the DNA A or B primers confirmed the presence of WmCSV from additional watermelon and melon samples collected from Yuma County (31 positive/37 tested) and Imperial County (20/22). This is the first report of WmCSV in cucurbits in the United States (U.S.); the virus was previously identified in watermelon (Domínguez-Durán et al., 2018) and cactus (<i>Opuntia auberi</i>) from Sonora, Mexico, and from one cactus (<i>O. cochenillifera</i>), lamb's ears (<i>Stachys byzantine</i>), and an unknown Solanum plant from a botanical garden in Arizona (Fontanelle et al., 2021). The geographic distribution of WmCSV and the presence of similar symptoms in melon in 2022 suggests that it may have been present in the U.S. for at least a year. Interestingly, nearly all melon and some watermelon plants infected with WmCSV were co-infected with CYSDV. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

2023 年秋季,在亚利桑那州尤马县和加利福尼亚州帝国县的商品田中,观察到西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)和甜瓜(Cucumis melo)植株的叶片分别出现马赛克症状或萎黄斑点,以及有限的叶片变形,主要出现在新植株上。老叶还表现出典型的黄化现象,这是该地区常见的粉虱传播病毒感染所致,而且粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)在田间普遍存在。采用多重 RT-PCR 技术对有症状的植株进行了检测,以检测葫芦黄矮病病毒 (CYSDV)、葫芦黄萎病病毒 (CCYV)、南瓜叶脉黄化病毒 (SqVYV) 和葫芦蚜传黄萎病病毒 (CABYV)(Mondal et al、2023),并分别感染了葫芦皱叶病毒(CuLCrV;F:TCAAAGGTTTCCCGCTCTGC,R:TCAAAGGTTTCCCGCTCTGC)。大多数植株感染了 CYSDV 病毒,该病毒自 2006 年出现以来在秋季生产季节广泛流行,但未感染其他测试病毒。虽然树冠附近的老叶变黄是 CYSDV 感染导致的典型症状,但新长出的叶片上出现的异常症状表明可能感染了乞蛾病毒。从亚利桑那州穹顶谷采集的一株有症状的甜瓜植株的核酸提取物中进行滚圆扩增和 DNA 测序,确定了西瓜萎蔫矮缩病病毒(WmCSV)的存在,这是一种双分体乞猴病毒(Geminiviridae)(Jones 等人,1988 年;Lecoq,2017 年),但没有发现其他乞猴病毒。对该甜瓜植株的 WmCSV 完整基因组进行测序后发现,DNA A(GenBank 编号 #PQ399661)与来自墨西哥索诺拉州仙人掌(MW588390)和甜瓜(KY124280)的 WmCSV 分离物有 99% 的同一性,DNA B(PQ399662)与来自巴勒斯坦西瓜(KC462553)和索诺拉州西瓜(KY124281)的 WmCSV 分离物分别有 96% 和 94% 的同一性。使用针对 WmCSV DNA A(F:CATGGAGATGAGGTTCCCCATTCT 和 R:GCTCGTAGGTCGATTCAACGGCCT)和 DNA B(F:AGATACAACGTATGGGCAGCATT 和 R:TACAGATCCCARTCGATGAGACT)的引物进行 PCR 进行二次确认。对扩增产物进行测序,在 12/15 份最初的甜瓜样本中确认了 WmCSV DNA A 和 B。使用 DNA A 或 B 引物进行 PCR,证实了从尤马县(31 份阳性/37 份检测结果)和帝国县(20/22 份)采集的其他西瓜和甜瓜样品中存在 WmCSV。这是美国首次报告在葫芦科植物中发现 WmCSV;此前在墨西哥索诺拉州的西瓜(Domínguez-Durán 等人,2018 年)和仙人掌(Opuntia auberi)中以及亚利桑那州植物园的一种仙人掌(O. cochenillifera)、羊耳朵(Stachys byzantine)和一种未知的茄科植物(Fontanelle 等人,2021 年)中发现了该病毒。WmCSV 的地理分布以及 2022 年甜瓜中出现的类似症状表明,它可能已在美国存在了至少一年。有趣的是,几乎所有感染 WmCSV 的甜瓜和一些西瓜植株都同时感染了 CYSDV。索诺兰沙漠产区的大多数秋天葫芦都会感染 CYSDV,许多葫芦还会感染 CCYV 和/或 SqVYV(Mondal 等人,2023 年)。然而,在 2023 年秋季,该地区的 CCYV(4/63)和 SqVYV(2/63)发病率极低。目前正在进行研究,以确定 WmCSV 对索诺拉沙漠和整个美国葫芦病毒群的潜在影响,并了解影响 WmCSV 感染和传播的流行病学因素。
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Emergence of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus in melon and watermelon in the southwestern United States.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo) plants with leaves exhibiting mosaic symptoms or chlorotic spotting, respectively, along with limited foliar distortion, predominantly on newer growth, were observed in commercial fields throughout Yuma County, AZ, and Imperial County, CA, in fall 2023. Older leaves also exhibited yellowing typical of infection by whitefly-transmitted viruses common in the region, and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) were prevalent in fields. Symptomatic plants were tested using a multiplex RT-PCR for cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), and cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (Mondal et al., 2023), and separately for cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV; F: TCAAAGGTTTCCCGCTCTGC, R: TCAAAGGTTTCCCGCTCTGC). Most plants were infected with CYSDV, which has been widely prevalent during the fall production season since its emergence in 2006, but not with the other tested viruses. Although the yellowing of older leaves near the crown was typical of symptoms resulting from CYSDV infection, the unusual symptoms on newer growth suggested the possibility of infection by a begomovirus. Rolling circle amplification and DNA sequencing of nucleic acid extract from a symptomatic melon plant collected in Dome Valley, AZ, identified the presence of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV), a bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae) (Jones et al., 1988; Lecoq, 2017), but no other begomoviruses. Sequencing of the complete WmCSV genome from this melon plant determined that DNA A (GenBank accession #PQ399661) shared 99% identity with WmCSV isolates from cactus (MW588390) and melon (KY124280) in Sonora, Mexico, and DNA B (PQ399662) shared 96% and 94% identity with WmCSV isolates from watermelon in Palestine (KC462553) and Sonora (KY124281), respectively. PCR with primers targeting WmCSV DNA A (F: CATGGAGATGAGGTTCCCCATTCT and R: GCTCGTAGGTCGATTCAACGGCCT) and DNA B (F: AGATACAACGTATGGGCAGCATT and R: TACAGATCCCARTCGATGAGACT) was used for secondary confirmation. Sequencing of amplified products confirmed both WmCSV DNA A and B in 12/15 initial melon samples. PCR using the DNA A or B primers confirmed the presence of WmCSV from additional watermelon and melon samples collected from Yuma County (31 positive/37 tested) and Imperial County (20/22). This is the first report of WmCSV in cucurbits in the United States (U.S.); the virus was previously identified in watermelon (Domínguez-Durán et al., 2018) and cactus (Opuntia auberi) from Sonora, Mexico, and from one cactus (O. cochenillifera), lamb's ears (Stachys byzantine), and an unknown Solanum plant from a botanical garden in Arizona (Fontanelle et al., 2021). The geographic distribution of WmCSV and the presence of similar symptoms in melon in 2022 suggests that it may have been present in the U.S. for at least a year. Interestingly, nearly all melon and some watermelon plants infected with WmCSV were co-infected with CYSDV. Most fall cucurbits in the Sonoran Desert production region become infected with CYSDV, and many are also infected with CCYV and/or SqVYV (Mondal et al., 2023). However, incidence of CCYV (4/63) and SqVYV (2/63) in the region was extremely low during fall 2023. Research is in progress to determine the potential impact of WmCSV on the cucurbit virus complex in the Sonoran Desert and the U.S. as a whole, and to understand the epidemiological factors that influence WmCSV infection and spread.

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来源期刊
Plant disease
Plant disease 农林科学-植物科学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.30%
发文量
1993
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Plant Disease is the leading international journal for rapid reporting of research on new, emerging, and established plant diseases. The journal publishes papers that describe basic and applied research focusing on practical aspects of disease diagnosis, development, and management.
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