单倍体节肢动物中线粒体相关基因的快速进化。

IF 4.4 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1186/s12915-024-02027-4
Yiyuan Li, Gregg W C Thomas, Stephen Richards, Robert M Waterhouse, Xin Zhou, Michael E Pfrender
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:线粒体基因与核基因密切合作,共同维持线粒体的功能,尤其是氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)途径的功能。然而,节肢动物各系之间的线粒体基因在进化速度上存在巨大差异。单倍体节肢动物的线粒体基因通常进化迅速。一种假设认为,单倍体物种的有效种群规模较小,这可能会增强遗传漂变的效果,导致线粒体基因和核基因的替代率升高。另外,核 OXPHOS 基因的正向选择或补偿性变化也可能导致线粒体基因的快速进化。然而,由于节肢动物基因组的数量有限,除膜翅目动物外,单倍体物种中核基因的进化速度在很大程度上是未知的。为了验证这些假设,我们使用了来自76个节肢动物基因组的数据,其中包括5个独立进化的单倍体系,来估计线粒体基因和核基因的进化速度和基因家族更替模式:结果表明,本文测试的5个单倍体系的线粒体基因进化较快,与线粒体功能相关的核基因进化较快,而与线粒体无关的核基因在进化速度上没有明显差异。在膜翅目昆虫中,蜜蜂和蚂蚁的线粒体基因以及与线粒体相关的核基因的分子进化速度快于锯蝇和黄蜂。通过基因组数据,我们还发现蜜蜂和蚂蚁的线粒体相关基因的家族扩张和收缩:我们的研究结果否定了单倍体物种种群规模较小的假说。正向选择和补偿性变化的结合可能导致在单倍体物种中观察到的模式。蜜蜂和蚂蚁OXPHOS复合体2基因进化率的提高表明社会性膜翅目昆虫具有独特的进化历史。
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Rapid evolution of mitochondrion-related genes in haplodiploid arthropods.

Background: Mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes cooperate closely to maintain the functions of mitochondria, especially in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. However, mitochondrial genes among arthropod lineages have dramatic evolutionary rate differences. Haplodiploid arthropods often show fast-evolving mitochondrial genes. One hypothesis predicts that the small effective population size of haplodiploid species could enhance the effect of genetic drift leading to higher substitution rates in mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Alternatively, positive selection or compensatory changes in nuclear OXPHOS genes could lead to the fast-evolving mitochondrial genes. However, due to the limited number of arthropod genomes, the rates of evolution for nuclear genes in haplodiploid species, besides hymenopterans, are largely unknown. To test these hypotheses, we used data from 76 arthropod genomes, including 5 independently evolved haplodiploid lineages, to estimate the evolutionary rates and patterns of gene family turnover of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.

Results: We show that five haplodiploid lineages tested here have fast-evolving mitochondrial genes and fast-evolving nuclear genes related to mitochondrial functions, while nuclear genes not related to mitochondrion showed no significant evolutionary rate differences. Among hymenopterans, bees and ants show faster rates of molecular evolution in mitochondrial genes and mitochondrion-related nuclear genes than sawflies and wasps. With genome data, we also find gene family expansions and contractions in mitochondrion-related genes of bees and ants.

Conclusions: Our results reject the small population size hypothesis in haplodiploid species. A combination of positive selection and compensatory changes could lead to the observed patterns in haplodiploid species. The elevated evolutionary rates in OXPHOS complex 2 genes of bees and ants suggest a unique evolutionary history of social hymenopterans.

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来源期刊
BMC Biology
BMC Biology 生物-生物学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
1.90%
发文量
260
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: BMC Biology is a broad scope journal covering all areas of biology. Our content includes research articles, new methods and tools. BMC Biology also publishes reviews, Q&A, and commentaries.
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