Tatyana Appelbaum, Evelyn Santana, David A Smith, William A Beltran, Gustavo D Aguirre
{"title":"经治疗和未经治疗的 RPE65 突变体犬视网膜中神经胶质细胞的反应和基因表达动态。","authors":"Tatyana Appelbaum, Evelyn Santana, David A Smith, William A Beltran, Gustavo D Aguirre","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.12.18","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The long-term evaluation of RPE65 gene augmentation initiated in middle-aged RPE65 mutant dogs previously uncovered notable inter-animal and intra-retinal variations in treatment efficacy. The study aims to gain deeper insights into the status of mutant retinas and assess the treatment impact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemistry utilizing cell-specific markers and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis were conducted on archival retinal sections from normal and RPE65 mutant dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Untreated middle-aged mutant retinas exhibited marked downregulation in the majority of 20 examined genes associated with key retinal pathways. These changes were accompanied by a moderate increase in microglia numbers, altered expression patterns of glial-neuronal transmitter recycling proteins, and gliotic responses in Müller glia. Analysis of advanced-aged mutant dogs revealed mild outer nuclear layer loss in the treated eye compared to moderate loss in the corresponding retinal regions of the untreated control eye. However, persistent Müller glial stress response along with photoreceptor synapse loss were evident in both treated and untreated eyes. Photoreceptor synaptic remodeling, infrequent in treated regions, was observed in all untreated advanced-aged retinas, accompanied by a progressive increase in microglial cells indicative of ongoing inflammation. Interestingly, about half of the examined genes showed similar expression levels between treated and untreated advanced-aged mutant retinas, with some reaching normal levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gene expression data suggest a shift from pro-degenerative mechanisms in middle-aged mutant retinas to more compensatory mechanisms in preserved retinal regions at advanced stages, despite ongoing degeneration. Such shift, potentially attributed to a number of surviving resilient cells, may influence disease patterns and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"65 12","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472885/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Glial Cell Responses and Gene Expression Dynamics in Retinas of Treated and Untreated RPE65 Mutant Dogs.\",\"authors\":\"Tatyana Appelbaum, Evelyn Santana, David A Smith, William A Beltran, Gustavo D Aguirre\",\"doi\":\"10.1167/iovs.65.12.18\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The long-term evaluation of RPE65 gene augmentation initiated in middle-aged RPE65 mutant dogs previously uncovered notable inter-animal and intra-retinal variations in treatment efficacy. The study aims to gain deeper insights into the status of mutant retinas and assess the treatment impact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemistry utilizing cell-specific markers and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis were conducted on archival retinal sections from normal and RPE65 mutant dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Untreated middle-aged mutant retinas exhibited marked downregulation in the majority of 20 examined genes associated with key retinal pathways. These changes were accompanied by a moderate increase in microglia numbers, altered expression patterns of glial-neuronal transmitter recycling proteins, and gliotic responses in Müller glia. Analysis of advanced-aged mutant dogs revealed mild outer nuclear layer loss in the treated eye compared to moderate loss in the corresponding retinal regions of the untreated control eye. However, persistent Müller glial stress response along with photoreceptor synapse loss were evident in both treated and untreated eyes. Photoreceptor synaptic remodeling, infrequent in treated regions, was observed in all untreated advanced-aged retinas, accompanied by a progressive increase in microglial cells indicative of ongoing inflammation. Interestingly, about half of the examined genes showed similar expression levels between treated and untreated advanced-aged mutant retinas, with some reaching normal levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gene expression data suggest a shift from pro-degenerative mechanisms in middle-aged mutant retinas to more compensatory mechanisms in preserved retinal regions at advanced stages, despite ongoing degeneration. Such shift, potentially attributed to a number of surviving resilient cells, may influence disease patterns and treatment outcomes.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14620,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science\",\"volume\":\"65 12\",\"pages\":\"18\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472885/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.65.12.18\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"OPHTHALMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.65.12.18","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Glial Cell Responses and Gene Expression Dynamics in Retinas of Treated and Untreated RPE65 Mutant Dogs.
Purpose: The long-term evaluation of RPE65 gene augmentation initiated in middle-aged RPE65 mutant dogs previously uncovered notable inter-animal and intra-retinal variations in treatment efficacy. The study aims to gain deeper insights into the status of mutant retinas and assess the treatment impact.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry utilizing cell-specific markers and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis were conducted on archival retinal sections from normal and RPE65 mutant dogs.
Results: Untreated middle-aged mutant retinas exhibited marked downregulation in the majority of 20 examined genes associated with key retinal pathways. These changes were accompanied by a moderate increase in microglia numbers, altered expression patterns of glial-neuronal transmitter recycling proteins, and gliotic responses in Müller glia. Analysis of advanced-aged mutant dogs revealed mild outer nuclear layer loss in the treated eye compared to moderate loss in the corresponding retinal regions of the untreated control eye. However, persistent Müller glial stress response along with photoreceptor synapse loss were evident in both treated and untreated eyes. Photoreceptor synaptic remodeling, infrequent in treated regions, was observed in all untreated advanced-aged retinas, accompanied by a progressive increase in microglial cells indicative of ongoing inflammation. Interestingly, about half of the examined genes showed similar expression levels between treated and untreated advanced-aged mutant retinas, with some reaching normal levels.
Conclusions: Gene expression data suggest a shift from pro-degenerative mechanisms in middle-aged mutant retinas to more compensatory mechanisms in preserved retinal regions at advanced stages, despite ongoing degeneration. Such shift, potentially attributed to a number of surviving resilient cells, may influence disease patterns and treatment outcomes.
期刊介绍:
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS), published as ready online, is a peer-reviewed academic journal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). IOVS features original research, mostly pertaining to clinical and laboratory ophthalmology and vision research in general.