Effect of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profile, and hormonal functions in polycystic ovary syndrome: An umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis

Vitamin D has the potential to therapeutically affect the lipid profile and endocrine parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. However, results from prior studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted an umbrella meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to better understand the effectiveness of vitamin D in treating PCOS. We conducted an electronic search across multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus, from their inception to January 2, 2024. Random-effects models were used to perform the umbrella meta-analysis. The analysis included 15 meta-analyses of RCTs. Vitamin D demonstrated a significant reduction in TG levels (SMD = -0.23; 95 % CI: −0.42, −0.04, p = 0.02, and WMD = −8.76, 95 % CI: −11.81, −5.72; p <0.001), TC (SMD = −0.47, 95 % CI: −0.80, −0.13; p = 0.007, and WMD = −8.89, 95 % CI: −13.18, −4.59; p < 0.001), LDL-c (SMD = −0.24, 95 % CI: −0.38, −0.10; p = 0.001, and WMD = −3.83, 95 % CI: −6.49, −1.16; p = 0.005), TT (SMD = −0.15, 95 % CI: −0.29 to −0.01; p = 0.02), and DHEA (WMD: −28.03; 95 % CI: −56.9 to −0.36; p = 0.04). However, no significant effect on HDL-c, insulin, and BMI. The present meta-analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation might significantly affect TG, TC, LDL-c, DHEA, and TT while it is not effective in improving BMI, HDL-c, and insulin. Vitamin D showed noteworthy effects in preventing lipid profile and enhancing hormonal function in patients with PCOS.