Microbial Ecosystems as Guardians of Food Security and Water Resources in the Era of Climate Change

In the era of climate change, the correlation between climate, food security, and water resources is profoundly influenced by microbial ecosystems. This review explores the important role of these often-overlooked microorganisms in maintaining the delicate balance required for sustainable agriculture and clean water availability. Microbes, though minuscule, orchestrate vital processes shaping nutrient cycling, soil health, and ecosystem functionality in both terrestrial and aquatic domains. As climate shifts occur, these adaptable microbes adjust, affecting ecosystem dynamics. Climate-smart agriculture harnesses microbial partnerships for soil carbon sequestration and stress mitigation, safeguarding the food supply. Microbes support crop productivity and resilience while also managing pests and diseases in changing climates. Additionally, they contribute to water purification and quality stabilization through water treatment and biofilms, ensuring clean water resources. Microbial diversity acts as a buffer against climate-induced disruptions, underlining their role in sustaining ecosystem stability. Integrating microbial approaches into policies and practices becomes crucial for climate adaptation, paving the way for sustainable agriculture and water management. Novel microbial technologies hold promise in addressing climate-food-water challenges, while collaborative research remains essential for innovative solutions at this critical interface of science and policy. Moreover, microbial ecosystems emerge as essential to food security and water resources in the face of climate change, charting a path towards a resilient and sustainable future.