The Effect of a Nanotechnogenic Aluminoalkaline Sludge on the Phase Composition, Physicomechanical, and Chemical Characteristics of Earthquake-Proof Brick

An earthquake-resistant brick of M150–M175 grade is obtained from a low-alumina (Al₂O₃) < 15%) fusible clay and a high-alumina (Al₂O₃ > 60%) nanotechnogenic aluminoalkaline sludge. The use of the aluminoalkaline sludge even in the amount of 20% enhances the performance characteristics of the ceramic brick to the M125 grade; the optimum amount of the aluminoalkaline sludge to be used is at most 30%. The crystallization of hematite, anorthite, diopside, and crystobalite is observed when the temperature of burning of the ceramic samples is 1000°C. The increase in the burning temperature to 1050°C results in no specific changes, except for an increase in the content of crystobalite, anorthite, glass phase, and diopside. A further increase in the temperature of burning of the aseismic brick to 1100°C favors the emergence of mullite, which increases the main physicomechanical and chemical characteristics of the aseismic brick.