Exploring swirling flow dynamics: Unsupervised machine learning in Maxwell hybrid nanofluid convection over an exponentially stretching cylinder with non-linear radiation effects

This article analyses the flow of Maxwell hybrid nanofluid induced by an exponentially stretching and rotating cylinder. The presence of non-linear convection, non-linear radiation, and magnetic field is also assumed. The factors covered in the study has a wide spectrum of application in various disciplines, and therefore we analyse the influence of different flow parameters after numerically solving the set of modelled differential equations. A data-free physics-informed neural network using a wavelet activation function is used to approximate the numerical solution. The reliability of the used methodology is validated by comparing the results of the limiting case with the available results. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using PINN in an unsupervised fashion to tackle fluid flow problems, showcasing their ability to provide reliable and accurate solutions without the need for extensive datasets. This approach highlights the potential of PINN to address complex fluid dynamics problems by utilizing physical laws within the neural network framework. From the numerical study, it is observed that hybrid nanofluid has a better rate of heat transfer compared to the nanofluid. Furthermore, radiation parameter and maxwell flow parameter is seen to exhibit significant impact of the flow profiles.