Positive psychology probe: Assessing impact factors on CFL learners’ Chinese language learning through the EMPATHICS model and Q methodology

The growing prominence of Chinese, driven by initiatives like the “Belt and Road,” has led to a surge in demand for Chinese language learning among international students. However, this endeavor faces challenges due to cultural differences and the complexity of Chinese linguistics. This study explores the impact factors on Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) learners by integrating positive psychology, the EMPATHICS model, and Q methodology. Investigating the experiences of 31 learners at a Shanghai university, the findings revealed three distinct factors: “Proactive Exploration,” “Communication and Empathy,” and “Positive Attitude,” representing a unique combination of well-being dimensions influencing learners' experiences. The study highlights the importance of considering multiple well-being dimensions in designing learner support systems and tailoring teaching strategies to specific learner needs. The EMPATHICS model and Q methodology demonstrate utility in assessing impact factors on CFL learners’ well-being, offering practical recommendations for enhancing learner satisfaction and success. Despite limitations, this study contributes insights to Chinese as a foreign language education, emphasizing a comprehensive focus on learner well-being and the value of Q methodology as a research tool.