Evaluation of the efficacy of medicinal plants based on immunological biomarkers in the treatment of bacterial infections: Current status and future directions

Nowadays, a variety of infectious and non-infectious disorders are treated with various plants. This paper seeks to provide a framework for assessing and tracking the management of bacterial infections using immunological indicators of inflammation (cytokines). Thus, it demonstrates the production of inflammatory markers, the regulation of these markers by various plant extracts, the elimination of the various bacteria causing bacterial infections by these plant extracts, and, of course, a current report on the consequences of bacterial infections and their resistance to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that plant extracts have a variety of immunomodulatory effects in vivo in addition to having antibacterial efficacy against multiple bacterial strains. The potential efficacy of medicinal plant extracts in controlling immune system gene expression makes them a vital tool for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bacterial infections. The beliefs provided in this study need further investigation and refinement using modern scientific and technological methods.