Paula S. Brok, Stéphanie M. Jost, Niels O. Verhulst
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In this study, we investigated this approach by culturing sheep skin bacteria on various media and assessing their effects against field-caught <i>Culicoides</i> (overwhelmingly Obsoletus group species) as well as laboratory-reared <i>Culicoides nubeculosus</i> (Meigen). <i>Aerococcus urinaeequi</i>, <i>Bacillus safensis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus</i>, <i>Micrococcus</i> sp. and <i>Staphylococcus equorum</i> were selected to be tested in a dual-choice Y-tube olfactometer, assessing their behavioural effects on biting midges. We revealed an avoidance effect on laboratory-reared <i>C. nubeculosus</i> when testing <i>B. safensis</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i>. <i>Bacillus safensis</i> and <i>Micrococcus</i> sp. yielded significant repellent potential towards field-caught <i>Culicoides</i>. These two candidates were subsequently tested in a membrane blood-feeding assay. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
咬蠓属(双翅目:Ceratopogonidae)主要是蓝舌病病毒等病原体的传播媒介,对兽医具有重要意义。目前,还没有有效的方法来保护动物免受咬蠓的侵害,因为杀虫剂的药效有限或药效短暂。咬蠓会被二氧化碳和主要由皮肤细菌产生的体味吸引到宿主身上。在人类身上,已经证明不同个体对蚊子吸引力的差异是由这些皮肤细菌挥发物介导的。这就为通过补充皮肤微生物组中的益生菌来保护个体免受昆虫叮咬提供了可能。在这项研究中,我们通过在各种培养基上培养羊皮细菌来研究这种方法,并评估了它们对野外捕获的Culicoides(绝大多数为Obsoletus组物种)以及实验室饲养的Culicoides nubeculosus(Meigen)的影响。选择了 Aerococcus urinaeequi、Bacillus safensis、Bacillus subtilis、Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus、Micrococcus sp.和 Staphylococcus equorum,在双选择 Y 管嗅觉仪中进行测试,评估它们对咬蠓的行为影响。在测试 B. safensis 和 B. subtilis 时,我们发现它们对实验室饲养的 C. nubeculosus 有回避效应。Bacillus safensis 和 Micrococcus sp.对野外捕获的库里科蠓具有显著的驱避潜力。这两种候选菌随后在膜食血试验中进行了测试。将细菌种类 B. safensis 应用到膜上时,观察到田间捕获的栗色蝽的摄食量减少了 83%。
Selection of sheep skin bacteria to reduce blood feeding by biting midges under laboratory conditions
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are of huge veterinary importance, mainly as vectors of pathogens, such as Bluetongue virus. Currently, there are no effective methods to protect animals against biting midges, as insecticides have limited or short-lived efficacy. Biting midges are attracted to hosts by carbon dioxide and by their body odours, which are mainly produced by skin bacteria. In humans, it has been shown that differences between individuals in attractiveness to mosquitoes is mediated by these skin bacterial volatiles. This opens the possibility to protect individuals from biting insects by supplementing their skin microbiome with probiotics. In this study, we investigated this approach by culturing sheep skin bacteria on various media and assessing their effects against field-caught Culicoides (overwhelmingly Obsoletus group species) as well as laboratory-reared Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen). Aerococcus urinaeequi, Bacillus safensis, Bacillus subtilis, Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus, Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus equorum were selected to be tested in a dual-choice Y-tube olfactometer, assessing their behavioural effects on biting midges. We revealed an avoidance effect on laboratory-reared C. nubeculosus when testing B. safensis and B. subtilis. Bacillus safensis and Micrococcus sp. yielded significant repellent potential towards field-caught Culicoides. These two candidates were subsequently tested in a membrane blood-feeding assay. When the bacterial species B. safensis was applied to the membrane, a feeding reduction of 83% was observed with field-caught Culicoides.
期刊介绍:
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata publishes top quality original research papers in the fields of experimental biology and ecology of insects and other terrestrial arthropods, with both pure and applied scopes. Mini-reviews, technical notes and media reviews are also published. Although the scope of the journal covers the entire scientific field of entomology, it has established itself as the preferred medium for the communication of results in the areas of the physiological, ecological, and morphological inter-relations between phytophagous arthropods and their food plants, their parasitoids, predators, and pathogens. Examples of specific areas that are covered frequently are:
host-plant selection mechanisms
chemical and sensory ecology and infochemicals
parasitoid-host interactions
behavioural ecology
biosystematics
(co-)evolution
migration and dispersal
population modelling
sampling strategies
developmental and behavioural responses to photoperiod and temperature
nutrition
natural and transgenic plant resistance.