Evidence of palaeoenvironmental and climatic changes from the interpreted radar wave pictures of near surface sediments around the River Nile, Assiut, Egypt

Different palaeoenvironmental features that pose natural geological, environmental, and engineering hazards to human operations occur frequently around the Nile Valley. Moreover, where these features were initially created, their relevance focuses on how the urban communities responded to the processes. So, a ground penetrating radar (GPR) field survey was carried out on different paleoenvironments of Pre-Quaternary and Quaternary sediment around Assiut. Deep and critical analyses of georadar facies were made to obtain clear images of these features with unprecedented resolution. The main objective of this study is to find some reasonable geological interpretations for these features. From this study, it is possible to identify and differentiate these features originating from different geological environments and climatological conditions in arid regions such as those around Assiut. In addition, the study serves as guidelines for environmental management and climatic changes for enhancing knowledge of urban development. Also, the study demonstrates how georadar can be used to create precise images of intricate shallow subsurface anatomy with possible palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic indicators.