干旱加剧了亚马孙东南部烧毁森林的土壤水分流失

IF 3.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1029/2024JG008011
Antônio C. Silveiro, Divino V. Silvério, Marcia N. Macedo, Michael T. Coe, Leandro Maracahipes, Maria Uribe, Leonardo Maracahipes-Santos, Paulo Tarso S. Oliveira, Ludmila Rattis, Paulo M. Brando
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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤水分是介导土壤-植被-大气水分交换的关键变量。随着气候和土地利用的变化,极端天气事件和干扰的频率和强度增加,很可能会改变生态系统功能与土壤水分之间的反馈。在这项研究中,我们评估了极端干旱(2015/2016 年)和火灾后植被重新生长如何影响亚马逊东南部过渡森林的土壤水分含量(0-8 米深度)的季节性。实验包括三个处理地块:未燃烧对照区、每三年燃烧一次的区域(B3yr)以及 2004 年至 2010 年间每年燃烧一次的区域(B1yr)。我们假设:(a) 在火灾后的最初几年,B1yr 和 B3yr 的土壤湿度将高于对照组,原因是蒸腾率较低,但随着火灾后植被的恢复,烧毁地块之间的差异将减小;(b) 在干旱年份,由于植物对更大的蒸发需求做出了反应,所有地块在旱季的土壤缺水量将显著增加;(c) 随着时间的推移,烧毁地块的火灾后恢复将导致蒸散量增加,尤其是表层土壤。与第一种预期相反,烧毁地块的体积含水量低于对照地块。然而,我们发现,与非干旱年份相比,干旱大大降低了所有地块的土壤湿度(15.6%),而这一影响在烧毁地块中被放大(19%)。我们的研究结果表明,虽然野火和极端干旱等复合干扰会改变森林动态,但深层土壤水分是植被恢复的重要水源。
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Droughts Amplify Soil Moisture Losses in Burned Forests of Southeastern Amazonia

Soil moisture is a crucial variable mediating soil-vegetation-atmosphere water exchange. As climate and land use change, the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and disturbances will likely alter feedbacks between ecosystem functions and soil moisture. In this study, we evaluated how extreme drought (2015/2016) and postfire vegetation regrowth affected the seasonality of soil water content (0–8 m depth) in a transitional forest in southeastern Amazonia. The experiment included three treatment plots: an unburned Control, an area burned every three years (B3yr), and an area burned annually (B1yr) between 2004 and 2010. We hypothesized that (a) soil moisture at B1yr and B3yr would be higher than the Control in the first years postfire due to lower transpiration rates, but differences between burned plots would decrease as postfire vegetation regrew; (b) during drought years, the soil water deficit in the dry season would be significantly greater in all plots as plants responded to greater evaporative demand; and (c) postfire recovery in the burned plots would cause an increase in evapotranspiration over time, especially in the topsoil. Contrary to the first expectation, the burned plots had lower volumetric water content than the Control plot. However, we found that droughts significantly reduced soil moisture in all plots compared to non-drought years (15.6%), and this effect was amplified in the burned plots (19%). Our results indicate that, while compounding disturbances such as wildfires and extreme droughts alter forest dynamics, deep soil moisture is an essential water source for vegetation recovery.

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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Earth and Planetary Sciences-Paleontology
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
5.40%
发文量
242
期刊介绍: JGR-Biogeosciences focuses on biogeosciences of the Earth system in the past, present, and future and the extension of this research to planetary studies. The emerging field of biogeosciences spans the intellectual interface between biology and the geosciences and attempts to understand the functions of the Earth system across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Studies in biogeosciences may use multiple lines of evidence drawn from diverse fields to gain a holistic understanding of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems and extreme environments. Specific topics within the scope of the section include process-based theoretical, experimental, and field studies of biogeochemistry, biogeophysics, atmosphere-, land-, and ocean-ecosystem interactions, biomineralization, life in extreme environments, astrobiology, microbial processes, geomicrobiology, and evolutionary geobiology
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