Gender matters, especially if you are a Polish teenager being examined by a doctor or a doctor examining a teenager.

To analyse how the specific gender configurations of the adolescent patient and the doctor affect the performance of intimate areas examinations during adolescent well-care visits and the emotions that accompany these examinations, the use of comfort measures, and the subsequent willingness of adolescents to visit the doctor in the future. An anonymous questionnaire was completed by adolescents (n = 1072) and their parents (n = 685) recruited from 80 randomly selected secondary schools in Poland. Genital examination and puberty assessment were performed more often in boys than in girls (OR = 14.1, p < .0001 and OR = 5.5, p < .0001, respectively). Female doctors performed intimate examinations more frequently than male doctors (OR = 2.2, p = .0059). Male doctors were more likely to ask for consent than female doctors, 66.7% vs. 40.2% (p = .0556), and use the screen more often than female doctors, 46.7% vs. 21.7% (p = .0393). Intimate examinations significantly discouraged adolescents from revisiting the doctor, especially when performed by a physician of the opposite sex. The majority of Polish adolescents and their parents believe that routine prophylactic genital region examinations are illegal, especially if girls' genitals are to be examined by male physicians.

Conclusion: The implementation of preventive genital region examinations in adolescents depends largely on non-medical factors-the gender of the patient, the physician, and the mutual configuration of these genders. The level of public non-acceptance of these procedures should not be underestimated by experts setting standards of well-care for adolescents.

What is known: • Although the assessment of sexual maturity is an integral part of the preventive examination of adolescents (both girls and boys) these examinations are often overlooked.

What is new: • The gender of the physician and the congruence of his/her gender with the gender of the adolescent patient influence whether a puberty assessment will be performed, as well as the social acceptance of such procedures. • Examinations of the intimate area are a significant factor discouraging both adolescent girls and adolescent boys from seeing the doctor again.