Gut microbiota is involved in leptin-induced thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

Leptin is a hormone that secreted by adipocytes and may promote energy expenditure by increasing thermogenesis. Our previous studies have shown that thermo-transient receptor potentials (thermo-TRPs) and gut microbiota are associated with thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbils, which are characterized by relative high serum leptin concentrations. Here, we test whether leptin can stimulate non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in Mongolian gerbils, and whether thermo-TRPs and gut microbiota are involved in leptin-induced thermogenesis. First, gerbils were given acute leptin treatment (ALT) with different doses. Results showed that ALT significantly increased the body temperature of gerbils and change the composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, ALT groups showed a trend towards increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Then, we investigated the effect of chronic leptin treatment (CLT) on gerbils. Surprisingly, CLT did not affect gerbils' food intake and body weight, but it significantly increased the body temperature at the end. Besides, CLT did not affect the expression of thermogenic markers in BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. However, CLT increased the expression of leptin receptors and TRPV2 in the small intestine and affected the composition of gut microbiota. Together, our data suggest leptin may increase body temperature by regulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, the Mongolian gerbils with serum hyperleptin is beneficial for adapting the cold living environments, and TRPV2 and gut microbiota are involved.