Protocol for 3D bioprinting of nanoparticle-laden hydrogels to enhance antibacterial and imaging properties.

This protocol describes the preparation of a nanoparticle-encapsulated bioink capable of protecting tissue-engineered constructs against bacterial infections while also providing contrast for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modalities. The report includes details of preparing the methacrylated gelatin-based bioinks and the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. A detailed protocol is presented for characterizing the bioink, evaluating cell response, and assessing its antibacterial effect. Overall, this article presents a robust approach for the development of antibacterial, MR-visible bioinks suitable for various tissue engineering applications. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Theus et al.¹.