强制性公共卫生政策需要根据具体情况进行伦理论证。

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1007/s40592-024-00218-x
Tess Johnson, Lerato Ndlovu, Omolara O Baiyegunhi, Wezzie S Lora, Nicola Desmond
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引用次数: 0

摘要

旨在改善个人和群体健康的公共卫生政策可能涉及强制。这些强制政策需要伦理上的正当理由,然而,在公共卫生伦理学文献中,哪些伦理概念可以为强制提供正当理由,以及这些概念在不同情况下的适用局限性如何,都还不清楚。在本文中,我们分析了西方生命伦理学中的一些概念,包括伤害原则、家长作风、公共利益和易救责任。我们发现,从理论上讲,这些概念为强制行为提供了合理的理由,但在应用于案例研究时,包括马拉维的艾滋病检测、南非的疫苗规定以及欧盟对牲畜使用抗生素的禁令,这些概念的局限性就显而易见了。我们认为,人们忽视了强制性伦理理由的具体情况,因此需要做更多的工作,为不同环境和不同人群的强制性政策找出与具体情况相关的伦理理由,而不是依赖于在所有情况下都通用的西方生物伦理理由。
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Coercive public health policies need context-specific ethical justifications.

Public health policies designed to improve individual and population health may involve coercion. These coercive policies require ethical justification, and yet it is unclear in the public health ethics literature which ethical concepts might justify coercion, and what their limitations are in applying across contexts. In this paper, we analyse a number of concepts from Western bioethics, including the harm principle, paternalism, the public interest, and a duty of easy rescue. We find them plausible justifications for coercion in theory, but when applied to case studies, including HIV testing in Malawi, vaccine mandates in South Africa, and prohibitions of antibiotic use in livestock in the EU, their limitations become clear. We argue that the context-specificity of ethical justifications for coercion has been overlooked, and there is more work needed to identify context-relevant ethical justifications for coercive policies in various settings and for various populations, rather than relying on universalising Western bioethical justifications across all contexts.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
期刊最新文献
A duty to enhance? Genetic engineering for the human Mars settlement. Personal reflections on navigating plural values in the implementation of voluntary assisted dying in Victoria, Australia. Antibiotic prescription, dispensing and use in humans and livestock in East Africa: does morality have a role to play? Book review: ethics of artificial intelligence. Coercive public health policies need context-specific ethical justifications.
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