为期 8 周的季前针对性训练对精英足球运动员短跑成绩、敏捷性和下肢肌肉不对称的影响。

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Biology of Sport Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI:10.5114/biolsport.2024.134754
Artur Gołaś, Przemysław Pietraszewski, Robert Roczniok, Artur Terbalyan, Adam Maszczyk, Rafał Opaliński, Adam Zając
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在确定为期 8 周的针对性训练计划对足球运动员的速度、敏捷性和肌肉不对称的影响。研究招募了 32 名精英足球运动员。他们的年龄、体重和身高分别为 25.8 ± 7.3 岁、77.4 ± 11.1 千克和 177.5 ± 9.8 厘米。热身结束后,参与者进行了两次最长 30 米的冲刺,两次试验之间休息 5 分钟。直线冲刺测试后,进行了两次 COD 随机之字形测试。测试分别在季前赛开始和结束时进行,为期 8 周。用类似弹力服的针织短裤测量了股四头肌、腘绳肌和臀肌的肌电图。实验组运动员每周进行 4 次基于运动模式的特定运动目标力量训练(周一、周二、周四和周五)。训练包括 6 个负重练习(鸟狗式、单腿臀桥式、死拗式、侧卧式、反向蛙跳和蛤壳式),每个练习单侧进行 5 组,每组重复 10 次。在连续一周的实验中,每组运动的负荷量都会增加。数据分析显示,在实施为期 8 周的针对性训练方案后,5 米和 30 米短跑成绩有了明显改善。经过 8 周的训练后,COD 的成绩在统计学上也有明显改善,同时速度不足也明显减少。在 COD 测试中观察到了最大的改善。经过 8 周的反复 COD 训练,其技术得到了提高。在季前训练中针对足球的特定方面实施训练方法,可以提高该运动项目的关键运动能力。足球队的力量与体能训练从业人员应采用综合训练方法,包括基于特定运动模式的速度、敏捷性和阻力训练,以达到最佳体能表现,并降低因部分消除肌肉不对称而导致的受伤风险。
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Effects of an 8-week pre-season targeted training on sprinting performance, agility and lower limb muscular asymmetries in elite soccer players.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8 week targeted training program on speed, agility, and muscle asymmetries in soccer players. 32 elite soccer players were recruited for the study. Their age, body mass, and body height were 25.8 ± 7.3 years, 77.4 ± 11.1 kg, and 177.5 ± 9.8 cm, respectively. After the warm-up, participants performed two maximum 30 m sprints with a 5-minute rest interval between trials. After the linear sprint test, performed two repetitions of the COD randomized ZigZag test. The tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the pre-season, which lasted for 8 weeks. EMG was measured bilaterally from the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteal muscles with shorts made of knitted fabric similar to elastic clothes. Athletes in the experimental group performed sport-specific targeted strength training based on movement patterns 4 times per week (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday). The training included 6 bodyweight exercises (Bird Dog, Single-Leg Glute Bridge, Dead Bug, Side Plank, Reverse Lunge, and Clamshell), performed unilaterally in 5 sets of 10 repetitions of each exercise. The load progression included an additional set in each successive week of the experiment. The data analysis showed significant improvement in 5 m and 30 m sprints after applying the 8-week targeted training protocol. A statistically significant improvement in performance was also observed after the 8-week training period in case of COD, while the speed deficit also decreased significantly. The greatest improvements were observed during the COD test. As a result of repeated COD training over a period of 8 weeks, its technique was improved. Implementation of training methods, which target specific aspects of soccer in the pre-season training routines can improve key motor abilities for that sports discipline. A comprehensive training approach including speed, agility, and resistance training based on specific movement patterns should be applied by strength and conditioning practitioners in soccer teams to achieve peak physical performance and reduce injury risk due to the partial elimination of muscular asymmetries.

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来源期刊
Biology of Sport
Biology of Sport 生物-运动科学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
12.50%
发文量
113
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biology of Sport is the official journal of the Institute of Sport in Warsaw, Poland, published since 1984. Biology of Sport is an international scientific peer-reviewed journal, published quarterly in both paper and electronic format. The journal publishes articles concerning basic and applied sciences in sport: sports and exercise physiology, sports immunology and medicine, sports genetics, training and testing, pharmacology, as well as in other biological aspects related to sport. Priority is given to inter-disciplinary papers.
期刊最新文献
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