含有大量可溶性纤维的纯化膳食和谷物膳食能促进相似的胃肠道形态测量,但微生物群落却截然不同。

IF 3.9 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Applied and Environmental Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1128/aem.01552-24
Elaine M Glenny, Jintong Liu, Harlyn G Skinner, Tori L McFarlane, Kylie K Reed, Alyssa Weninger, Zorka Djukic, Michael A Pellizzon, Ian M Carroll
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引用次数: 0

摘要

膳食纤维在塑造肠道微生物组和影响胃肠道(GI)生理学方面发挥着至关重要的作用。谷物日粮(GBDs)被广泛用于啮齿动物研究,但由于成分不一致造成的批次间差异,其实用性受到限制。纯化日粮(PDs)仅由已知的精制成分组成,为解决 GBDs 的局限性提供了一种解决方案。本研究旨在确定纯化日粮(PD)中膳食纤维的组合,以促进小鼠肠道形态的优化和肠道微生物群落的多样化。雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠连续 28 天食用两种谷物日粮(GBD)或四种不同纤维成分的纯化日粮。与喂食LabDiet 5001 GBD的小鼠相比,摄入缺乏可溶性纤维的PD的小鼠性腺脂肪较多(P < 0.05),小肠较短(P < 0.05),盲肠较轻(P < 0.05)。PDs中可溶性纤维比例的增加会逐渐减少盲肠和结肠中微生物的多样性。多维尺度分析显示,喂食 GBD 和 PD 的小鼠盲肠和结肠中的微生物群落截然不同(P < 0.05)。差异丰度分析发现,相对于摄入PDs的小鼠,摄入GBDs的小鼠体内乳球菌相对较多,而摄入GBDs的小鼠体内乳球菌相对较少(P < 0.05)。虽然没有一种持久性有机污染物能重现 GBDs 的肠道微生物组成,但可溶性纤维含量高的持久性有机污染物最能保持肠道形态。这些发现强调了将饮食作为一个实验变量的重要性,并突出了需要一种结合了 GBDs 对胃肠道健康和微生物丰富性益处的 PD 配方:膳食纤维对维持肠道健康至关重要。不溶性纤维有助于粪便膨胀和水分保持,而可溶性纤维则是肠道微生物群落的发酵底物。以谷物为基础的日粮 (GBD) 通常用于临床前研究,但不同批次的成分存在差异,这妨碍了可重复性。由高度精制成分组成的纯化日粮(PDs)是一种潜在的解决方案,但最广泛使用的低脂对照 PDs 不含可溶性纤维。本研究旨在确定一种含有多种纤维的纯化日粮,以促进小鼠肠道健康和微生物多样性。具有最佳纤维成分的PD将有助于肠道生理学和肠道微生物群研究的标准化和可重复性。
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Purified diets containing high levels of soluble fiber and grain-based diets promote similar gastrointestinal morphometry yet distinct microbial communities.

Dietary fibers play a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiome and influencing gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Grain-based diets (GBDs) are widely used in rodent studies, but their utility is limited due to batch-to-batch variability resulting from inconsistent ingredients. Purified diets (PDs) are composed of only known and refined ingredients and offer a solution to the constraints of GBDs. This study aimed to identify a combination of dietary fibers in a purified diet (PD) that promotes optimal murine gut morphometry and a diverse intestinal microbial community. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either two grain-based diets (GBDs) or four PDs with varying fiber compositions for 28 days. Mice consuming PDs lacking soluble fiber had more gonadal fat (P < 0.05), shorter small intestines (P < 0.05), and lighter ceca (P < 0.05) compared with those fed the LabDiet 5001 GBD. Increasing the proportion of soluble fibers in PDs progressively reduced microbial diversity in the cecum and colon. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed distinct microbial communities in the cecum and colon between mice fed GBDs and PDs (P < 0.05). Differential abundance analysis identified relatively more Family XII UCG 001 and less Lactococcus in mice fed GBDs relative to mice consuming PDs (P < 0.05). While no PD recapitulated the gut microbial composition of GBDs, PDs with high soluble fiber content best preserved GI morphometry. These findings underscore the importance of considering diet as an experimental variable and highlight the need for a PD formulation that combines the benefits of GBDs on GI health and microbial richness.

Importance: Dietary fibers are essential for maintaining gut health. Insoluble fibers aid in fecal bulking and water retention while soluble fiber is a fermentative substrate for intestinal microbial communities. Grain-based diets (GBDs) are commonly used in preclinical research but the variability in ingredients across batches impedes reproducibility. Purified diets (PDs), which are composed of highly refined ingredients, pose a potential solution but the most widely used low-fat control PDs contain no soluble fiber. This study intended to identify a PD with a combination of fibers that promotes murine gut health and microbial diversity. A PD with optimal fiber composition would aid in the standardization and reproducibility of studies investigating intestinal physiology and the gut microbiota.

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来源期刊
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 生物-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.30%
发文量
730
审稿时长
1.9 months
期刊介绍: Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM) publishes papers that make significant contributions to (a) applied microbiology, including biotechnology, protein engineering, bioremediation, and food microbiology, (b) microbial ecology, including environmental, organismic, and genomic microbiology, and (c) interdisciplinary microbiology, including invertebrate microbiology, plant microbiology, aquatic microbiology, and geomicrobiology.
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