Production of GcMAF with Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Its Effect on Models of Induced Arthritis in Mice and Cystitis in Rats.

Vitamin D₃ transporter (DBP) is a multifunctional protein. Site-specific deglycosylation results in its conversion to group-specific component protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF), which is capable of activating macrophages. It has been shown that depending on precursor conversion conditions, the resulting GcMAF activates mouse peritoneal macrophages towards synthesis of either pro- (IL-1β, TNF-α-M1 phenotype) or anti-inflammatory (TGF-β, IL-10-M2 phenotype) cytokines. The condition for the transition of the direction of the inflammatory response of macrophages when exposed to GcMAF is the initial glycosylated state of the population of DBP molecules and the associated effective deglycosylation of DBP by β-galactosidase. In vivo experiments with GcMAF exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties on models of induced arthritis in mice and cystitis in rats indicate a significant anti-inflammatory effect of the macrophage activator. The feasibility of unidirectional induction of anti-inflammatory properties of macrophages allows creation of combined therapeutic platforms where M2 macrophages are among the key therapeutic components.