Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Microwave Ablation in Elderly Patients with Recurrent Medium or Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: There are insufficient data about the optimal treatment for older patients with recurring medium or large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study intended to assess the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation (TACE-MWA) in an elderly cohort through a retrospective analysis.

Methods: From 2011 to 2018, a cohort of individuals (age ≥70 years) with recurrent HCC tumors ranging from 3.1 cm to 7 cm underwent either a combination treatment of TACE and MWA (n = 43) or surgical intervention (n = 33). Using the Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) technique, factors of disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and rates of major adverse events were analyzed, retrospectively.

Results: The group that underwent surgery had a greater history of alcohol use before treatment (P= 0.001), as well as a higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage for the primary tumor before treatment (P= 0.014) and a higher primary tumor location before treatment (P= 0.045). The TACE-MWA group had DFS rates of 86.2%, 68.8%, and 60.4% at 1, 3, and 5 years, while the surgery group had rates of 53.0%, 42.2%, and 25.8% at the same time points. In the TACE-MWA treatment group, survival rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years post-treatment were recorded as 93.0%, 80.8%, and 65.7%, respectively, while in the surgery group, they were 62.7%, 46.9%, and 42.6%. In the univariate analysis using IPTW, the type of treatment was found to have a significant correlation with disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.86, P=0.017). IPTW multivariate analysis showed that treatment modality (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.79; P= 0.011) was the only significant prognostic factor for OS.

Conclusion: In elderly patients with recurrent 3.1 cm≤ HCC ≤ 7 cm, TACE-WMA was superior to surgery in the respects of DFS and OS.