Perioperative intervention of dysphagia rehabilitation team in older adults with gastric cancer: An inverse probability weighting analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative dysphagia rehabilitation in older adult patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 149 patients over 80 years who underwent gastrectomies between January 2000 and December 2020. The patients were divided into two groups based on the intervention of the dysphagia rehabilitation team (DRT group: n = 101) and the non-intervention control group (C group: n = 48). Inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis was used to reduce bias caused by potential confounding.

Results: The incidence of overall complications was significantly lower in the DRT group (odds ratio [OR]; 0.27[0.08-0.93]), among which the incidence of postoperative pneumonia (OR; 0.07[0.01-0.43]) and aspiration pneumonia (OR; 0.05[0.01-0.44] was significantly reduced. Ten patients developed postoperative pneumonia; seven were in the C group, and three were in DRT group. Sixty percent of these patients had preoperative comorbidities related to the respiratory system. Regarding the time of onset of aspiration pneumonia, two patterns were observed: onset within a short period after surgery and onset after the start of eating. In contrast, five patients underwent preoperative dysphagia rehabilitation in the DRT group. Among them, postoperative aspiration pneumonia was prevented in four patients, and the others were prevented from severe pneumonitis by the intervention of the dysphagia rehabilitation team.

Discussion: Perioperative intervention in dysphagia rehabilitation is not only associated with reduced postoperative pneumonia but also creates awareness in the medical staff and promotes careful observation of swallowing in patients, thereby controlling the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. The perioperative intervention of the dysphagia rehabilitation team is useful for older adult patients with gastric cancer.