生酮饮食:成分多样性、作用机制和临床应用综述。

IF 2.3 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism Pub Date : 2024-10-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2024/6666171
Dominika Malinowska, Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生酮饮食(KD)是一种特殊的高脂肪、极低碳水化合物饮食,其蛋白质含量可根据个人需求进行调整。通过降低碳水化合物的供应量,这种饮食会引起(蛋白质和脂肪)新陈代谢的显著变化,并增加酮体的产生。本文旨在回顾酮体饮食的组成、作用机制、临床应用和相关风险的多样性。在过去的十年中,越来越多的研究结果表明了这种饮食对肥胖症、糖尿病和神经系统疾病等的影响。节食对神经系统疾病的有益影响与重建神经元髓鞘、减少神经元炎症、减少活性氧的产生、支持多巴胺的产生、修复受损线粒体并形成新的线粒体有关。尽量减少碳水化合物的摄入可减少对单糖的吸收,从而降低糖尿病患者的血糖水平和血糖波动。对肥胖症的研究表明,在减肥方面,KD 比其他饮食更有优势。这可能是由于上调了食欲控制激素的生物活性,或者是由于脂肪生成减少、脂肪分解加强以及葡萄糖生成的代谢成本增加。不过,必须注意 KD 的副作用。这些副作用包括消化系统紊乱、头痛、烦躁、疲劳、维生素和矿物质缺乏以及血脂状况恶化。需要开展进一步研究,以确定 KD 的长期影响。
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Ketogenic Diet: A Review of Composition Diversity, Mechanism of Action and Clinical Application.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a special high-fat, very low-carbohydrate diet with the amount of protein adjusted to one's requirements. By lowering the supply of carbohydrates, this diet induces a considerable change in metabolism (of protein and fat) and increases the production of ketone bodies. The purpose of this article is to review the diversity of composition, mechanism of action, clinical application and risk associated with the KD. In the last decade, more and more results of the diet's effects on obesity, diabetes and neurological disorders, among other examples have appeared. The beneficial effects of the KD on neurological diseases are related to the reconstruction of myelin sheaths of neurons, reduction of neuron inflammation, decreased production of reactive oxygen species, support of dopamine production, repair of damaged mitochondria and formation of new ones. Minimizing the intake of carbohydrates results in the reduced absorption of simple sugars, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels and fluctuations of glycaemia in diabetes. Studies on obesity indicate an advantage of the KD over other diets in terms of weight loss. This may be due to the upregulation of the biological activity of appetite-controlling hormones, or to decreased lipogenesis, intensified lipolysis and increased metabolic costs of gluconeogenesis. However, it is important to be aware of the side effects of the KD. These include disorders of the digestive system as well as headaches, irritability, fatigue, the occurrence of vitamin and mineral deficiencies and worsened lipid profile. Further studies aimed to determine long-term effects of the KD are required.

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来源期刊
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering the broad and multidisciplinary field of human nutrition and metabolism. The journal welcomes submissions on studies related to obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, molecular and cellular biology of nutrients, foods and dietary supplements, as well as macro- and micronutrients including vitamins and minerals.
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