南卡罗来纳州桃子中的念珠菌对丙环唑的抗性表型与 GcCYP51B 基因的点突变有关。

IF 4.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Plant disease Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI:10.1094/PDIS-09-24-1962-RE
Jhulia Gelain, Bingyu Zhao, Sara Price, Harleen Kaur, Antonia Blank, Zeng Zhezheng, Chaoxi Luo, Guido Schnabel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Geotrichum candidum Link (1809) 是一种类似酵母的真菌,可引起桃(Prunus persica)酸腐病。自 2021 年以来,尽管南卡罗来纳州(SC)的一家商业农场在采后使用丙环唑进行了处理,但在冷库中保存的桃果中仍爆发了该病。共对 58 个分离物进行了丙环唑敏感性评估,其中 40 个来自萨鲁达县冷库中有症状的水果(南卡罗来纳州包装厂分离物),11 个来自南卡罗来纳州萨鲁达县、斯帕坦堡县和皮肯斯县的三个果园(南卡罗来纳州非包装厂分离物),7 个来自加利福尼亚州(CA)分离物(至少 3 个来自包装厂)。菌丝生长测定显示,7 个加利福尼亚州分离物中有 6 个的 EC50 值最低,被认为对丙环唑敏感(S),平均 EC50 值为 0.02 µg/ml,最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 值从 >1 到 < 3 µg/ml。加利福尼亚州的 02J018 号分离株和所有南卡罗来纳州非包装厂分离株被认为对丙环唑的敏感性降低(RS),平均 EC50 值为 0.33 µg/ml,MIC 值大于 10 至 300 µg/ml。对编码两种脱甲基酶抑制剂(DMI)靶酶 14α-脱甲基酶的两个 CYP51 基因 GcCYP51A 和 GcCYP51B 进行了鉴定、测序和特征描述。发现了两个 GcCYP51A 和三个 GcCYP51B 变体。两个 GcCYP51A 变体都与 S 型分离物有关,而在 RS 型分离物中发现了具有 Y143F 突变的 GcCYP51B2 变体,在 R 型分离物中发现了具有 Y143F、E126K 和 G460S 突变的 GcCYP51B3 变体。Y143F 和 G460S 突变与其他植物病原体对 DMI 杀菌剂的抗性有关。在 RS 或 R 分离物中没有观察到 GcCYP51A 或 GcCYP51B 的组成型表达增加。离体果实试验表明,丙环唑的标记率可控制 S 型和 RS 型分离物引起的酸腐病,但不能控制 R 型分离物引起的酸腐病。我们的研究结果表明,SC 包装厂爆发的酸腐病与目标基因诱导的念珠菌对丙环唑的抗性有关。
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Propiconazole resistance phenotypes in Geotrichum candidum from South Carolina peaches are linked to point mutations in GcCYP51B gene.

Geotrichum candidum Link (1809) is a yeast-like fungus that causes sour rot of peach (Prunus persica). Outbreaks of the disease have occurred since 2021 in peach fruit kept in cold storage despite post-harvest treatments with propiconazole at a commercial farm in South Carolina (SC). A total of 58 isolates, 40 from symptomatic fruit from cold storage in Saluda County (SC packing house isolates), 11 from three SC orchards in Saluda County, Spartanburg County, and Pickens County (SC non-packing house isolates), and 7 California (CA) isolates (at least 3 from packing houses) were evaluated for propiconazole sensitivity. Mycelial growth assays revealed that 6 of 7 CA isolates had the lowest EC50 values and were considered sensitive (S) to propiconazole with an average EC50 value of 0.02 µg/ml and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values >1 to < 3 µg/ml. Isolate 02J018 from CA and all SC non packing house isolates were considered reduced-sensitive (RS) to propiconazole with an average EC50 value of 0.33 µg/ml and MIC values >10 to <30 µg/ml. SC packing house isolates were considered resistant (R) to propiconazole and had an average EC50 value of 3.55 µg/ml and MIC values >300 µg/ml. Two CYP51 genes, GcCYP51A and GcCYP51B, encoding two demethylase inhibitor (DMI) target enzyme 14α-demethylases were identified, sequenced, and characterized. Two GcCYP51A and three GcCYP51B variants were found. While both GcCYP51A variants were linked to S isolates, the GcCYP51B2 variant possessing the mutation Y143F was found in RS, and the GcCYP51B3 variant possessing Y143F, E126K, and G460S mutations was identified in R isolates. The Y143F and G460S mutations had been associated with DMI fungicide resistance in other plant pathogens. No increased constitutive expression of GcCYP51A or GcCYP51B was observed in RS or R isolates. Detached fruit assays revealed that label rates of propiconazole controlled sour rot caused by S and RS but not R isolates. Our results suggest that sour rot outbreaks in a SC packing house were linked to target gene-induced propiconazole resistance in G. candidum.

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来源期刊
Plant disease
Plant disease 农林科学-植物科学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.30%
发文量
1993
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Plant Disease is the leading international journal for rapid reporting of research on new, emerging, and established plant diseases. The journal publishes papers that describe basic and applied research focusing on practical aspects of disease diagnosis, development, and management.
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